نتایج جستجو برای: crispr

تعداد نتایج: 12099  

Journal: :Microbiology 2015
Nikki Shariat Ruth E Timme James B Pettengill Rodolphe Barrangou Edward G Dudley

Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated genes) systems provide adaptive immunity from invasive genetic elements and encompass three essential features: (i) cas genes, (ii) a CRISPR array composed of spacers and direct repeats and (iii) an AT-rich leader sequence upstream of the array. We performed in-depth sequence analysis of the ...

2015
Daria Vorontsova Kirill A. Datsenko Sofia Medvedeva Joseph Bondy-Denomy Ekaterina E. Savitskaya Ksenia Pougach Maria Logacheva Blake Wiedenheft Alan R. Davidson Konstantin Severinov Ekaterina Semenova

CRISPR immunity depends on acquisition of fragments of foreign DNA into CRISPR arrays. For type I-E CRISPR-Cas systems two modes of spacer acquisition, naïve and primed adaptation, were described. Naïve adaptation requires just two most conserved Cas1 and Cas2 proteins; it leads to spacer acquisition from both foreign and bacterial DNA and results in multiple spacers incapable of immune respons...

2014
Corinna Richter Ron L. Dy Rebecca E. McKenzie Bridget N.J. Watson Corinda Taylor James T. Chang Matthew B. McNeil Raymond H.J. Staals Peter C. Fineran

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), in combination with CRISPR associated (cas) genes, constitute CRISPR-Cas bacterial adaptive immune systems. To generate immunity, these systems acquire short sequences of nucleic acids from foreign invaders and incorporate these into their CRISPR arrays as spacers. This adaptation process is the least characterized step in CRIS...

Journal: :Microbiology 2015
Rosemary Sanozky-Dawes Kurt Selle Sarah O'Flaherty Todd Klaenhammer Rodolphe Barrangou

Bacteria encode clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated genes (cas), which collectively form an RNA-guided adaptive immune system against invasive genetic elements. In silico surveys have revealed that lactic acid bacteria harbour a prolific and diverse set of CRISPR-Cas systems. Thus, the natural evolutionary role of CRISPR-Cas systems may be i...

2014
Richard D. Sokolowski Shirley Graham Malcolm F. White

CRISPR-Cas is an adaptive prokaryotic immune system, providing protection against viruses and other mobile genetic elements. In type I and type III CRISPR-Cas systems, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) is generated by cleavage of a primary transcript by the Cas6 endonuclease and loaded into multisubunit surveillance/effector complexes, allowing homology-directed detection and cleavage of invading elements. Hi...

2017
Shuai Zhen Yoichiro Takahashi Shunichi Narita Yi-Chen Yang Xu Li

The potent ability of CRISPR/Cas9 system to inhibit the expression of targeted gene is being exploited as a new class of therapeutics for a variety of diseases. However, the efficient and safe delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 into specific cell populations is still the principal challenge in the clinical development of CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics. In this study, a flexible aptamer-liposome-CRISPR/Cas9 chim...

2016
Unnikrishnan Unniyampurath Rajendra Pilankatta Manoj N. Krishnan

The recent emergence of multiple technologies for modifying gene structure has revolutionized mammalian biomedical research and enhanced the promises of gene therapy. Over the past decade, RNA interference (RNAi) based technologies widely dominated various research applications involving experimental modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recently, a new gene editing t...

2015
Roger A. Garrett Shiraz A. Shah Susanne Erdmann Guannan Liu Marzieh Mousaei Carlos León-Sobrino Wenfang Peng Soley Gudbergsdottir Ling Deng Gisle Vestergaard Xu Peng Qunxin She

The Sulfolobales have provided good model organisms for studying CRISPR-Cas systems of the crenarchaeal kingdom of the archaea. These organisms are infected by a wide range of exceptional archaea-specific viruses and conjugative plasmids, and their CRISPR-Cas systems generally exhibit extensive structural and functional diversity. They carry large and multiple CRISPR loci and often multiple cop...

2016
Jian-Hua Zhang Poorni Adikaram Mritunjay Pandey Allison Genis William F. Simonds

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) has rapidly become the most promising genome editing tool with great potential to revolutionize medicine. Through guidance of a 20 nucleotide RNA (gRNA), CRISPR-Cas9 finds and cuts target protospacer DNA precisely 3 base pairs upstream of a PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif). The broken DNA ends ...

Journal: :Genes & development 2008
Jason Carte Ruiying Wang Hong Li Rebecca M Terns Michael P Terns

An RNA-based gene silencing pathway that protects bacteria and archaea from viruses and other genome invaders is hypothesized to arise from guide RNAs encoded by CRISPR loci and proteins encoded by the cas genes. CRISPR loci contain multiple short invader-derived sequences separated by short repeats. The presence of virus-specific sequences within CRISPR loci of prokaryotic genomes confers resi...

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