Crenosoma (C.) vulpis infection was diagnosed in 10 dogs aged between 0.5 and 12 years (median 4 years) during a 4-year period. The predominant clinical sign in all dogs was coughing which lasted from 1 day to > 4 months. Hematological abnormalities included eosinophilia in 5/9 dogs, basophilia in 3/9 dogs, and mild monocytosis in 6/9 dogs. Thoracic radiographs (n = 9) were normal in 1 dog, sho...

The central aim of our study was to elucidate functions mediated by the ventral and dorsal striatum, respectively, to better understand the cognitive effects of dopamine replacement in Parkinson's disease. We proposed that the ventral striatum underlies general learning of stimulus associations, whereas the dorsal striatum promotes integration of various influences on selecting. In Parkinson's ...

The forebrains of mammals and birds appear quite different in their gross morphology, making it difficult to identify homologies between them and to assess how far they have diverged in organization. Nevertheless one set of forebrain structures, the basal ganglia, has been successfully compared in mammals and birds. Anatomical, histochemical, and molecular data have identified the avian homolog...

We investigated the postnatal alterations of neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-positive neurons, parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive interneurons, and neurotrophic factors in the mouse striatum and frontal cortex using immunohistochemistry. NeuN, PV, nNOS, nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity were measur...

Cognitive abnormalities are a feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Unlike motor symptoms that are clearly improved by dopaminergic therapy, the effect of dopamine replacement on cognition seems paradoxical. Some cognitive functions are improved whereas others are unaltered or even hindered. Our aim was to understand the effect of dopamine replacement therapy on various aspects of cognition. Whe...

The brain is limited in its capacity to consciously process information, necessitating gating of information. While conscious perception is robustly associated with sustained, recurrent interactions between widespread cortical regions, subcortical regions, including the striatum, influence cortical activity. Here, we examined whether the ventral striatum, given its ability to modulate cortical ...

Current perspectives on cognitive control acknowledge that individual differences in motivational dispositions may modulate cognitive processes in the absence of reward contingencies. This work aimed to study the relationship between individual differences in Behavioral Activation System (BAS) sensitivity and the neural underpinnings involved in processing a switching cue in a task-switching pa...

objective(s) human umbilical cord blood (hucb) is now considered as a valuable source for stem cell–based therapies. previous studies showed that intravascular injection of the hucb significantly improves neurological functional recovery in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ich). in the present study, we hypothesize transplanted hucb derived mononuclear cells (uc-mcs) can decrease injure...

Contemporary preclinical models suggest that abnormal functioning of a brain network consisting the hippocampus, midbrain and striatum plays critical role in pathophysiology schizophrenia. Previous neuroimaging studies examined individual aspects this model schizophrenia patients individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. However, exact has not been translated to human with therefore it i...

Isatin is a biofactor with different biochemical and pharmacological properties whose effects attract much attention because it an endogenous inhibitor of the monoamine oxidase in brain. When exogenously administrated, isatin increases dopamine levels intact denervated striatum rats, effect that could indicate its potential as therapeutic agent Parkinson disease. However, neurochemical mechanis...