iranian rural women have been working side by side with men in many activities. but in recent years, due to social, economic and cultural changes, the role of women in many rural activities has declined, causing many social and economic problems in rural areas. tourism is one of the activities in which there are too many opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship for women. women are abl...

â  establishment of industries in rural areas in the shape of industrial township is recruiting job seekers in these areas and it provides areas for change in the status of rural life. so generally speaking, the construction of industrial township sustainable employment carries access to greater prosperity and improved quality of life for the villagers. a fundamental question in this connection...

rapid population increase, expanding urbanization, lack of employment opportunities, particularly in agriculture, population pressure on natural resources and failing to create and expand medium and large industries, especially in developing countries led industrialization strategy that these countries from the mid-decade villages 1970 in their development programs to consider. this year emphas...

With the implementation of New Rural Social Pension Insurance (NRSPI) in China, many rural elderly people benefit from this program. But will same grade pension produce utility for each individual? This paper analyzes panel data China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011 to 2018, uses Continuous-Difference In Differences(Continuous DID) model investigate effect NRSPI on happin...

introduction rural areas, due to their landscapes, natural attractions and abilities attract tourists. however, there emerge kinds of tourism that with respect to conditions and particularities leave behind different impacts and consequences around that rural set up. in iran, too, attractions and scenic landscapes as well as suitable ecological condition of some of the villages have caused rema...

Ð Analysis of rural households and environmental resources is beset by inadequate data, especially in Africa. Using purpose-collected panel data from Zimbabwe, we demonstrate seven empirical regularities in the rural poverty-environment relationship. Most important, environmental resources make a signi®cant contribution to average rural incomes. Poorer households also depend heavily on these re...

BACKGROUND China and India are the world's two most populous countries. Although their populations are growing in number and life expectancies are extending they have different trajectories of economic growth, epidemiological transition and social change. Cross-country comparisons can allow national and global insights and provide evidence for policy and decision-making. The aim of this study i...