This study investigated the effect of creatine supplementation in conjunction with protein and/or carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on plasma creatine and serum insulin concentrations and whole body creatine retention. Twelve men consumed 4 x 5 g of creatine on four occasions in combination with 1) 5 g of CHO, 2) 50 g of protein and 47 g of CHO, 3) 96 g of CHO, or 4) 50 g of CHO. The increase in ser...

In studies in vitro, creatine-114 C entered the extensor digitorum longus of young rats by a saturable process which had an apparent Vmax of 0.6 mmole per liter of intracellular water per hour and an apparent Km of 5 X 10 4 M. Creatine entry by nonsaturable processes was negligible at physiologic external creatine concentrations. Anaerobiosis, 1 X 103 M 2,4-dinitrophenol, and cooling each reduc...

This study provides additional evidence that creatine, an end product of contraction unique to muscle, is involved in the control of muscle protein synthesis. Creatine is shown to stimulate selectively the rate of synthesis of two major contractile proteins, actin and myosin heavy chain, in cultures of differentiating skeletal muscle. Creatine affects only the rate of synthesis and not the rate...

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting people all ages representing a significant social and public health burden. Current therapeutic options for epilepsy are not effective in proportion patients suggesting need identifying novel targets development more therapeutics. There growing evidence from animal human studies role impaired brain energy metabolism mitochondri...

Objective(s):In this study, we aimed at evaluation of electrophysiological and histopathalogical characteristics of statin-induced muscle injury as well as clinical features of patients who develop this condition in terms of frequency and pattern of evolution. Materials and Methods: Forty patients (age 39-74 years) including 25 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 9 with cardiovascular disea...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether serum myoglobin, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB measured at admission by rapid, compact, and easy to use automated quantitative analysers (results within 10 min) helped the early identification of acute myocardial infarction. The results were compared with the data obtained from the electrocardiograms recorded at admission. DESIGN A prospective study. ...

Creatine is a principle component of the creatine kinase (CK) phosphagen system common to all vertebrates. It is found in excitable cells, such as cardiomyocytes, where it plays an important role in the buffering and transport of chemical energy to ensure that supply meets the dynamic demands of the heart. Multiple components of the CK system, including intracellular creatine levels, are reduce...

The gene defect in Huntington's disease (HD) may result in an impairment of energy metabolism. Malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) are inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase that produce energy depletion and lesions that closely resemble those of HD. Oral supplementation with creatine or cyclocreatine, which are substrates for the enzyme creatine kinase, may increase phosphocreatine (PCr) ...

Evidence is increasing that the creatine/phosphocreatine shuttle system plays an essential role in energy homeostasis in the brain and retina to ensure proper development and function. Thus, our understanding of the mechanism of creatine supply and creatine usage in the brain and retina and of creatine supplementation in patients with creatine deficiency syndromes is an important step towards i...