in the present study, eight specimens of sheep (>1 year) of both sexes were dissected to provide a comprehensive description of the weight, allocation and nerve branches of the cranial cervical ganglion. the cranial cervical ganglion was found beneath the mandibular salivary gland. it was located ventromedial to tympanic bulla and ventrally to atlantic fossa. in three out of eight animals it wa...

Pachycephalosaurids are small, herbivorous dinosaurs with domed skulls formed by massive thickening of the cranial roof. The function of the dome has been a focus of debate: the dome has variously been interpreted as the product of sexual selection, as an adaptation for species recognition, or as a weapon employed in intraspecific combat, where it was used in butting matches as in extant ungula...

INTRODUCTION Navigation in neurosurgery has expanded rapidly; however, suitable models to train end users to use the myriad software and hardware that come with these systems are lacking. Utilizing three-dimensional (3D) industrial rapid prototyping processes, we have been able to create models using actual computed tomography (CT) data from patients with pathology and use these models to simul...

A 26-year-old shepherd man was admitted to the emergency department in June 2020 after ground current effect of lightning strike. With severity trauma, patient fell and then fainted. Since trauma not known exactly, there an open wound head, had dyspnea elevated liver function tests, cranial, thorax abdominal computed tomography (CT) were performed. On CT scan, approximately 7-cm-in length grade...

A 68 year-old male patient was hospitalized for radical prostatectomy. He had no abnormal medical history including neurological deficit before the operation. Prior to general anesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted in the L3-4 interspace for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. After surgery for nine hours, he developed confusion and flaccid paralysis of bilateral lower extremitie...

Benign, isolated, recurrent sixth nerve palsy is rare in children. It may be associated with febrile viral illness and vaccination in exceptional circumstances although this is a diagnosis of exclusion. Here, we present the case of a 2-year-old Caucasian girl who developed recurrent 6th nerve palsy following vaccination with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. No underlying pathology was i...

This review provides an overview of the state and future directions of development and pathology in the craniofacial complex in the context of Cranial Neural Crest Cells (CNCC). CNCC are a multipotent cell population that is largely responsible for forming the vertebrate head. We focus on findings that have increased the knowledge of gene regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms governing C...

Small cell lung carcinoma typically presents as a central endobronchial lesion in chronic cigarette smokers with hilar enlargement and disseminated disease. The diagnostic pathology should be reviewed by a pathologist accomplished in reading pulmonary pathology, and, if any doubt exists in the diagnosis, additional special stains or diagnostic material should be obtained. Patients with extensiv...

case rePorT This report is approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. A 70‐year‐old female with acute abdomen referred to our hospital and received an emergency laparoscopic exploration in July 2008. Right inguinal hernia with small intestine protrusion was found, as well as ascites with peritoneal dissemination and large omental cake. Although bilatera...