Stellate ganglion block is utilized in the diagnosis and management of various vascular disorders and sympathetically mediated pain in the upper extremity, head and neck. The cervical sympathetic chain is composed of superior, middle, intermediate, and inferior cervical ganglia. However, in approximately 80% of the population, the inferior cervical ganglion is fused with the first thoracic gang...

Bell’s palsy is the common name for inflammation of cranial nerve VII. The peculiar geniculate ganglion idiopathic and causes hemifacial paralysis. Patients who suffer from this paralysis may have their symptoms dissipate between 3 weeks months. For certain patients whose facial persist, botulinum toxin type- A might be an efficient treatment. Depending on severity muscular palsy, different tre...

In the present study we investigated, through immunohistochemistry, the presence and location of neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) in the peripheral ganglia and carotid body of 16 humans and 5 rats. In both humans and rats, NTR1 immunostained ganglion cells were found in superior cervical ganglia (57.4+/-11.6% and 72.4+/-11.4%, respectively, p0.05), enteric ganglia (51.9+/-10.4% and 64.6+/-6.1, p<0...

PURPOSE To characterize neuropeptide distribution in the ciliary ganglion of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). METHODS Cryostat tissue sections of fixed rhesus monkey ciliary, pterygopalatine, superior cervical, and trigeminal ganglia were incubated with antisera to neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), tyrosine hyd...

In vitro populations of neurons dissociated from the superior cervical ganglion of the rat embryo can acquire many of the properties of cholinergic neurons and yet retain some of the characteristics of adrenergic neurons. To determine whether one neuron can stably express properties of two transmitter systems, identified neurons were characterized by both immunocytochemical and electrophysiolog...

The mammalian superior cervical ganglion (SCG) contains a complex mixture of neuronal phenotypes that selectively innervate different peripheral targets. The present study examined the rostro-caudal topography of sympathetic phenotypes in the rat SCG by analyzing the relation between cell position, size, and the expression of immunoreactivity for neuropeptide Y (NPY), calretinin, and calcitonin...

This study investigates the role of cervical sympathectomy in the prevention of acute vasospasm induced by meningeal haemorrhage in rabbits. Sixteen adult English Norfolk rabbits were divided into 2 experimental groups: bilateral cervical sympathectomy of the superior sympathetic ganglion (SSSG, n=8), and bilateral SSSG and sympathectomy of the inferior sympathetic ganglion (SISG, n=8). Other 2...

PURPOSE Previous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have demonstrated that the Chiari malformation is associated with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the cervical part of the subarachnoid space (SAS), but the flow in the SAS of the posterior cranial fossa has received little attention. This study extends previous modelling efforts by including the cerebellomedullary cistern, ...

Lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) may complicate surgical procedures on the cervical spine. This study aims to define linear and angular relations of the CST with respect to consistent structures around it, including the number and size of the cervical ganglia, the distances between the CST and the longus colli muscle and the anterior tubercles of the tran...