In this study, the frozen stress photoelastic method was used to investigate the three-dimensional effect on the crack growth behavior in a centrally perforated circular cylinder under internal pressure. The inner surface of the cylinder had a star shape, which consisted of six fins. The specimens were capped at the ends and pressurized internally above critical temperature after real cracks we...

Modeling of crack propagation by a finite element method under mixed mode conditions is of prime importance in the fracture mechanics. This article describes an application of finite element method to the analysis of mixed mode crack growth in linear elastic fracture mechanics. Crack - growth process is simulated by an incremental crack-extension analysis based on the maximum principal stress c...

In this study, the phase field model of crack propagation is used to study the dynamic branching instability in the case of inplane loading in two dimensions. Simulation results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and experimental findings. Namely, the critical speed at which the instability starts is about 0.48cs. They also show that a full 3D approach is needed to fully underst...

This paper deals with the effect of several residual stress profiles on the fatigue crack propagation in prestressing steel wires subjected to tension loading or bending moment. To this end, a computer program was developed to evaluate the crack front evolution on the basis of the Walker law. Results demonstrate that the absence of residual stresses makes the crack propagate towards a preferent...

An axi{symmetric problem for a penny{shaped crack bridged by bres is considered. The study is reduced to the analysis of a hy-persingular integral equation with respect to the relative crack{face separation over a circular domain occupied by crack. The special case of a large crack subjected to Mode{I loading is examined. A matched asymptotic expansions technique is used in order to estimate th...

The behavior of cleavage crack fronts at grain boundaries in free-standing silicon thin films is investigated through a microtensile experiment. In addition to the crystallographic orientation, the orientation of grain boundary plane also plays a critical role. With respect to the initial crack surface, if the inclination angle is relatively small, the crack tends to penetrate across the bounda...

Cracking sounds emitted by coffee beans during the roasting process were recorded and analyzed to investigate the potential of using the sounds as the basis for an automated roast monitoring technique. Three parameters were found that could be exploited. Near the end of the roasting process, sounds known as "first crack" exhibit a higher acoustic amplitude than sounds emitted later, known as "s...

Using molecular dynamics with an accurate many-body potential for metallic Tantalum, we studied crack propagation in a pre-notched nano-slab under uniaxial strain in a [100] direction. We study dislocation emission from the crack tip for various strain rate and temperatures, focusing on the influence of the local temperature at the crack tip on the propagation of the crack. We find a close conn...

BACKGROUND While crack cocaine has been associated with elevated sexual risks and transmission of HIV/STIs, particularly in the context of street-based sex work, few empirical studies have examined correlates of direct sex-for-crack exchanges. This study longitudinally examined the correlates of sex-for-crack exchanges and associated effects on sexual risk outcomes among street-based female sex...

BACKGROUND Despite the multitude of public health and community harms associated with crack cocaine use, little is known about factors associated with smoking crack in public and related risks such as rushed public crack smoking. METHODS Data were derived from two prospective cohort studies of people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada between 2010 and 2014. Multivariable generalized e...