Layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PNs) in the mouse prefrontal cortex respond to serotonin (5-HT) according to their long-distance axonal projections; 5-HT1A (1A) receptors mediate inhibitory responses in corticopontine (CPn) L5PNs, while 5-HT2A (2A) receptors can enhance action potential (AP) output in callosal/commissural (COM) L5PNs, either directly (in "COM-excited" neurons), or following brief ...

RATIONALE Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Few data are available comparing persistent and acute infection of this pathogen in the human respiratory tract. OBJECTIVES To study Cpn-induced innate immune responses in lung tissue from patients with COPD and control subjects ex vivo and in vitro. METHODS Cp...

This paper explores Input-Output Conformance (IOCO) test generation with Colored Petri Nets (CPN). A test generation oriented CPN model and CPN based IOCO relation is proposed. Feasible test cases are generated by model simulation with the proof of its soundness. The method integrates the merits the IOCO testing theory and the CPN modeling synergistically, and is applied as a nontrivial and com...

A large number of children today are at risk of a specific subtype of childhood maltreatment, physical neglect. The global prevalence of self-reported childhood physical neglect (CPN) was recently estimated to be 16.3% [1]. The adverse effects of CPN appear to be as severe as those observed in other subtypes of abuse. CPN is associated with an increase in the risk of substance abuse, risky sexu...

The circular peak set of a permutation σ is the set {σ(i) | σ(i−1) < σ(i) > σ(i+1)}. In this paper, we focus on the enumeration problems for permutations by circular peak sets. Let cpn(S) denote the number of the permutations of order n which have the circular peak set S. For the case with |S| = 0, 1, 2, we derive the explicit formulas for cpn(S). We also obtain some recurrence relations for th...

The interactions between a social robot and the user consist of continuous communication behavior involving different data types that can be subject to cybersecurity attacks prone privacy concerns. In this paper, we use Colored Petri Net (CPN) develop two graphical models illustrate patterned during such interaction. Using CPN, model analyze complicated system considering synchronization concur...

The neocortex is composed of many distinct subtypes of neurons that must form precise subtype-specific connections to enable the cortex to perform complex functions. Callosal projection neurons (CPN) are the broad population of commissural neurons that connect the cerebral hemispheres via the corpus callosum (CC). Currently, how the remarkable diversity of CPN subtypes and connectivity is speci...

The possibility in recent years that chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (CPn) may represent a risk factor for atherosclerosis or a mechanism of rapid progression of ischemic heart disease, or both, has attracted the attention of investigators and clinicians all over the world. After the first description of a seroepidemiologic association between antibody titers against the intracellul...

Protos is a popular tool for business process modelling used in more than 1500 organizations. It has a built-in Petri-net-based simulation engine which shows key performance indicators for the modelled processes. Reference process models offered for Protos reduce modelling efforts by providing generic solutions which only need to be adapted to individual requirements. However, the user can neit...