Various types of controlled/living radical polymerizations, or using the IUPAC recommended term, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), conducted inside nano-sized reaction loci are considered in a unified manner, based on the polymerization rate expression, Rp = kp[M]K[Interm]/[Trap]. Unique miniemulsion polymerization kinetics of RDRP are elucidated on the basis of the followi...

Hydrophobic polymer amide (HPA) could have been one of the first normal density materials to accrete in space. We present ab initio calculations of the energetics of amino acid polymerization via gas phase collisions. The initial hydrogen-bonded di-peptide is sufficiently stable to proceed in many cases via a transition state into a di-peptide with an associated bound water molecule of condensa...

This work highlights the rational design of recognitive networks via polymerization reaction analysis and detailed kinetic analysis for application in novel diagnostic or robust point-of-care devices. Non-covalent complexation interactions between template or ‘guest' biomolecules and functional monomers during polymerization can create networks with selective binding sites for biomolecules with...

We consider the structural similarity of small gallium clusters to the bulk structure of α-gallium, which has been previously described as a molecular metal, via density functional theory-based computations. Previous calculations have shown that the tetramer, the hexamer, and the octamer of gallium are all structurally similar to the α-phase. We perform an analysis of the bonding in these clust...

The single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation is a fascinating and valuable outcome of topochemical reactions. Not like the solution-state reactions, movement molecule in single-crystal state such mysterious attractive research topic. molecular packing monomers prior to reaction could provide many possibilities for formation complicated topological structures. further or polymeriza...

Ziegler-Natta polymerization catalysts were characterized by a complex of surface- and bulk-sensitive methods (DRIFTS, XPS, ESR, and XAS = XANES + EXAFS). A diffuse-reflectance Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (DRIFTS) study showed the presence of strong Lewis acid sites in different concentrations and absence of strong basic sites in the polymerization catalysts. X-ray photoelectron spectrosc...

The reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was successfully carried out in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate with 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile/CuCl2/bipyridine as the initiating system, which had been reported as not able to promote a controlled process of MMA in bulk. The living nature of the polymerization was confirmed by kinetic studies...

In this study, in-situ bulk polymerization was investigated for obtaining flame retardant polystyrene (PS). The halogenated and phosphoric compounds were used as flame retardant additives and Perkadox 30 was used as a synergist. The flammability of the PS was evaluated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 tests. The results show that polymerization process ...

Abstract FeWB bulk and FeWB(001)/ α -Fe(111) interface were studied by first-principles calculations. bonding has the mixed characteristics of metallicity, covalency ionicity, among which metallicity is most obvious. Such combination endows with promising toughness excellent electrical conductivity. Adhesion work, W ad , was calculated for twelve different interfacial structures, taking into ac...