Treebanks have recently been released for a number of languages with the harmonized annotation created by the Universal Dependencies project. The representation of certain constructions in UD are known to be suboptimal for parsing and may be worth transforming for the purpose of parsing. In this paper, we focus on the representation of verb groups. Several studies have shown that parsing works ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Optimism and pessimism are cognitive expectancies regarding future events, whereas counterfactual thinking is the cognitive process of imagining alternatives to events that occurred in the past. The purpose of this study was to conceptualize dispositional optimism and pessimism within the context of norm theory and examine relationships between dispositional optimism and p...

This paper discusses an approach for extracting supporting evidence from multisource spatial data and by rule-based models to incorporate the evidence with pre-classified Landsat TM data for improving classification accuracy. The process was focused on the extracted "possibly misclassified pixels" (PMPs) only. Based on Dempster-Shafer's theory of evidence, the concepts of homogeneous, heterogen...

Recent pragmatic accounts of slurs argue that the offensiveness is generated by a speaker's free choice to use slur opposed more appropriate and semantically equivalent neutral counterpart. I theoretical role counterparts on such views overstated. consider two recent analyses, Bolinger (Noûs, 51, 2017, 439) Nunberg (New work speech acts, Oxford University Press, 2018), which rely heavily upon o...