It has long been recognized that swabbing methods will not remove all or even a fixed percentage of bacteria from surfaces. Because of this, it is not possible to use these methods for quantitative determinations with any degree of accuracy. Considerable work has been done to develop methods that will permit greater recovery of bacteria from tableware. Higgins (1950) and Cain and Steele (1953) ...

Prevention of cross contamination with active pharmaceutical ingredients is crucial and requires special attention in pharmaceutical industries. Current method validation describes the determination of Nabumetone (NAB) residue on a stainless steel surface using swab sampling with a sensitive HPLC-DAD analysis. The acceptance limit was decided as 2 μg swab per 100 cm2. Cotton swabs impregnated w...

An ability to detect plant toxins and thereby avoid eating chemically defended plants would be very beneficial for omnivorous and herbivorous lizards. We studied the ability of the omnivorous Podarcis lilfordi to detect compounds belonging to three classes of common plant toxins, as well as responses indicating aversion. Solutions of the alkaloid quinine, saponin, and the phenolic coumarin, as ...

Environmental surfaces near infected and/or colonised patients in hospitals are commonly contaminated with potentially pathogenic micro-organisms. At present, however, there is no standardised method for taking samples from surfaces in order to perform quantitative cultures. Usually contact plates or swabs are used, but these methods may give different results. The recovery rate of traditional ...

In the rape case presented here, no semen, hair, or other biological evidence were left by the perpetuator at the crime scene or on the victim. The alleged assailant was arrested soon after the crime. A classical stain recovery technique using cotton swab moistened with sterile water was taken for recovering potential female epithelial cells and leukocytes deposited on the alleged assailant's p...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Trichomonas vaginalis accounts for almost half of all curable sexually transmitted infections and has also been associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy and increased risk of HIV in women. Diagnosis of the condition by direct wet mount examination has a low sensitivity. Herein, we describe our experience with InPouch culture system for the detection of T. vaginalis. ...

Introduction Diagnosis of infertility problems in the mare by sampling of material from the uterus was first described more than 85 years ago in Kentucky, USA and Germany (1,2). Uterine disease, primarily endometritis, is still one of the major causes for infertility in the mare and a substantial problem in the modern breeding industry (3). Uterine samples have mainly been used to diagnose infe...

BACKGROUND The Surecell herpes (HSV) test kit is a test for detecting the presence of herpes simplex viral antigen by means of a monoclonal antibody based immunoassay. The test has proved to be highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing genital, oral, and dermatological herpes infections. METHODS In this study, samples from patients with ocular keratitis were evaluated by tissue cultures and...

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether conjunctival flora is different in patients with chronic renal disease (CR) among its subgroups and healthy subjects.
 Methods: A total of 105 adult CR patients; 35 hemodialysis (HD), diabetic (DHD), transplantation (RT), 40 subjects were enrolled. After ophthalmologic examination, a swab was taken from the lower fornix right eye using cotto...