The present study represents part of an effort in considering the replacement of ethylene-glycol/water mixtures with propyleneglycol/water mixtures for engine cooling in automotive application. Experimental results are presented for the heat transfer coeffic ient under flow boiling conditions for water and mixtures of water with ethylene-glycol and propylene-glycol. The range covered includes t...

improving the solubility of non-soluble herbal materials is an issue of interest in cell culture based experiments. evaluating the biological activity of these materials could become possible with the aid of cosolvents/surfactants which obviously should have little or no cytotoxic activity. in the present study, the cytotoxic activity of six cosolvents/surfactants: ethanol, methanol, tween 20 a...

Five solutions of sodium chloride in mixtures of water and dimethyl sulphoxide ͑DMSO͒ have been simulated using the conventional molecular dynamics technique. The potentials of mean force ͑PMFs͒ of the sodium chloride ion pair in the presence of the five water–DMSO mixtures with DMSO mole fractions (x DMSO) of 0.10, 0.21, 0.35, 0.48 and 0.91 have been computed. The derived PMFs have been confirmed ...

mixed clayey soils occur as mixtures of sand (or gravel) and clay in widely varying proportions. their engineering behavior has not been comprehensively studied yet. an experimental program, comprising monotonic, cyclic, and post-cyclic triaxial tests was undertaken on compacted clay-granular material mixtures, having different proportions of clay and sand or gravel. this paper presents the res...

Binary mixtures of water with acetone, acetonitrile, and methanol over their entire range of compositions have been studied spectroscopically and by using molecular dynamics ~MD! simulations. We report absorption coefficients and indices of refraction over a frequency range from 3 to 55 cm, and from 400 to 1200 cm. The far-infrared absorption of the mixtures is substantially less than that for ...

In this study, we investigated the effects of polymers on pharmaceutical cocrystal formation process. Ibuprofen (IBU) was selected as active ingredient (API), nicotinamide (NIC) and saccharin (SAC) coformer (CCF), ethanol/water solvent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) representative polymers. We prepared IBU-NIC IBU-SAC cocrystals in ethanol-water cosolvent absence or pr...

A scientific advisory panel was convened by the State of California to recommend monitoring for chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic systems that receive discharge of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and stormwater runoff. The panel developed a risk-based screening framework that considered environmental sources and fate of CECs observed in receiving waters across...

OVERVIEW There are many two-fluid mixtures of practical interest. For example, mixtures of air and water or oil and water occur frequently in environmental and industrial processes. The existing modeling capability in FLOW-3D for mixtures of two fluids is the DRIFT routine that computes the relative motion of the two components arising from buoyancy and viscous forces. This model works quite we...