We investigated changes in mRNA expression of the somatotropic, thyrotropic, and corticotropic axes of Langshan (LS) and Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens during embryonic and postnatal development. We found an inverse expression profile between pituitary growth hormone (GH) and hepatic GH receptor mRNA [postnatal d (P)28 to P42], insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-IR (P0 to P42), resp...

A 22-year-old man was hospitalized with nausea. His serum sodium, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol levels were 108 mmol/L (range, 138-145), 2.2 pg/mL (range, 7.2-63.3), and 0.08 μg/dL (range, 4.64-24.56), respectively. The levels of other anterior pituitary hormones were as follows: growth hormone 2.46 ng/mL (range, 0.663.68), thyroid-stimulating hormone 0.625 μIU/mL (range, 0.5...

In sheep with HF (heart failure), Ucn 1 (urocortin 1) decreases total peripheral resistance and left atrial pressure, and increases cardiac output in association with attenuation of vasopressor hormone systems and enhancement of renal function. In a previous study, we demonstrated in the first human studies that infusion of Ucn 1 elevates corticotropin ('ACTH'), cortisol and ANP (atrial natriur...

Chronic exposure to stressful experiences impairs synaptic plasticity. Previous studies have shown that the spine densities of pyramidal neurons, turnover mushroom-type spines, and excitatory–inhibitory balance in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) are modulated by stress. Trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) implicated stress-induced deficits. However, it remains unknown whether stress...

Norepinephrine and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) have long been implicated in the response to stress. In this issue of Neuron, McCall et al. (2015) show that CRH projections from the central amygdala drive tonic locus coeruleus activity that evokes acute anxiety responses and place aversion.

The quality and availability of resources influence the geographical distribution of species. Social species need safe places to rest, meet, exchange information and obtain thermoregulatory benefits, but those places may also serve other important functions that have been overlooked in research. We use a large soaring bird that roosts communally in cliffs, the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), as...

CONTEXT Genetic inheritance and developmental life stress both contribute to major depressive disorder in adults. Child abuse and trauma alter the endogenous stress response, principally corticotropin-releasing hormone and its downstream effectors, suggesting that a gene x environment interaction at this locus may be important in depression. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the effects of child a...

Stress is a reaction to unwanted events disturbing body homeostasis which influences its pathways and target areas. Stress affects the brain through the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) orexinergic system that mediates the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) through CRH receptor type 1 (CRHr1). Therefore, this study explores the outcome of stress exposure on anxiety development and t...

Salinity stress is one of the marked influencing factors on ecophysiology aquaculture and considered an important reason for retreat fish industry. The current study endeavor to elucidate molecular mechanisms that underlie response salinity in common carp. Fish (Average weight 5 ± 2 g) were randomly distributed into two groups; 1 st a control was exposed tap water (0.2 ppt salinity) nd treated ...