The development of fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë in grasses results in the production of different groups of alkaloids, whose mechanism and biological spectrum of toxicity can differ considerably. Ergot alkaloids, when present in endophyte-infected tall fescue, are responsible for "fescue toxicosis" in livestock, whereas indole-diterpene alkaloids, when present in endophyte-infected r...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of moxidectin administration at doses of 30, 60, and 90 microg/kg of body weight (10, 20, and 30 times the manufacturer's recommended dose) in avermectin-sensitive Collies. ANIMALS 24 Collies. PROCEDURE Collies with mild to severe reactions to ivermectin challenge (120 mg/kg; 20 times the recommended dose for heartworm prevention) were used. Six replicates o...

The present work describes successful treatment of permethrin toxicosis in two cats with a novel therapy of intravenous lipid administration. Two cats presented in lateral recumbency and with generalized tremor after they had been incidentally treated with permethrin for flea control by their owners. Initial therapy consisted of diazepam, propofol, bathing, and intravenous fluids. After an init...

First, the urinary metabolic profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was performed to compare ten cadmium (Cd) toxicosis cases from a Cd-polluted area in Mae Sot (Thailand) with gender-matched healthy controls. Orthogonal partial list square-discrimination analysis was used to identify new biomarker candidates in highly Cd exposed toxicosis cases with remarkable renal tubular...

Alkaloids produced by the fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) that infects tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] are a paradox to cattle production. Although certain alkaloids impart tall fescue with tolerances to environmental stresses, such as moisture, heat, and herbivory, ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte can induce fescue toxicosis, a malady that adversely a...

Diagnostic records of 227 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and 78 golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) collected in Saskatchewan, during 1992 to 2012, were reviewed to identify common causes of mortality. The most frequent cause of death in bald eagles was toxicosis (53%), followed by trauma (22%), electrocution (6%), infectious disease (4%), malnutrition (3%), and idiopathic disease (2%). T...