This paper provides an overview of European Healthy Cities Network (EHCN) organized by the WHO Regional Office Europe. The focus is on the third of five phases covering the period 1998-2002. Fifty-six cities were members of the WHO-EHCN and over 1000 European cities were members of national networks. Association with WHO has given municipalities legitimacy to move into a domain often associated...

The three papers published below were presented at a Special Symposium on Viruses of South American Monkeys organized by the Pan American Health Organization in cooperation with the New England Regional Primate Research Center of Harvard Medical School. A full selection of papers presented at the meetings is contained in the book International Movement of Animals published by the Pan American H...

this paper analyses the impact of sanctions against iran in addition to other country-specific determinants on intra-industry trade between iran and shanghai cooperation organization (sco) countries over the period 1997-2013. by disentangling total intra-industry trade (iit) into horizontal and vertical iit and after investigating bilateral trade pattern between iran and sco countries, determin...

OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the complicity of British American Tobacco (BAT) in the illicit trade of cigarettes across the African continent in terms of rationale, supply routes and scale. METHODS Analysis of internal BAT documents and industry publications. RESULTS BAT has relied on illegal channels to supply markets across Africa since the 1980s. Available documents suggest smugg...

Situations of conflict giving rise to social dilemmas are widespread in society and game theory is one major way in which they can be investigated. Starting from the observation that individuals in society interact through networks of acquaintances, we model the co-evolution of the agents’ strategies and of the social network itself using two prototypical games, the Prisoner’s Dilemma and the S...

In this paper three computational models for the study of the evolution of cooperation under cultural propagation are studied: Kin Selection, Direct Reciprocity and Indirect Reciprocity. Two analyzes are reported, one comparing their behavior between them and a second one identifying the impact that different parameters have in the model dynamics. The results of these analyzes illustrate how ga...

The document The State of Education in Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards a Quality Education for All – 2015 was produced under the supervision of the UNESCO Bureau in Santiago, by a group of researchers from the University of Chile’s Centre for Advanced Education Research: Cristián Bellei (coordinator), Ximena Poblete, Paulina Sepúlveda, Víctor Orellana and Geraldine Abarca. The report i...

A collective-risk social dilemma implies that personal endowments will be lost if contributions to the common pool within a group are too small. Failure to reach the collective target thus has dire consequences for all group members, independently of their strategies. Wanting to move away from unfavorable locations is therefore anything but surprising. Inspired by these observations, we here pr...

The paper presents the most important points of the discussion, recommendations, and conclusions of a workshop on harmonization of criteria documents (CDs) for standard setting in occupational health, with emphasis on standard setting in the European Community (EC). The objectives were to achieve harmonized CDs and to develop a mechanism for international cooperation. The discussion focused on ...

Transnational crime, sometimes called international crime or multinational systemic crime, is more than an extension of domestic crime. In the context of globalization, transnational organized crime groups respond to market incentives and operate with cooperative relationships, which makes the multinational criminal systems become more efficient and powerful. As a result, no single country has ...