Centrifugal atomization is a rapid solidification technique involving fast cooling rates to produce high-quality powders. The final microstructure of the atomized particles closely linked with thermal history and experienced during process. However, there insufficient research on temperature evolution metal produced by this technique, most works evaluate droplet through semi-empirical correlati...

Cooling processes of brown dwarf stars and giant planets are studied in the framework degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories. We confirm previous results field that effect modified gravity on substellar objects' age is pronounced most.

One of the most important methods of transporting natural gas in Iran and other parts of the world is the utilization of a network of pipelines. Compression station and turbo compressor units play an important role in gas supply through pipelines. One of the primary concerns in these units is the reduction of fuel consumption. By cooling of exhaust gas from the source station, the pressure drop...

The knowledge of the thermodynamic process during the cooling of reproductive biological systems is important to assess and optimize the cryopreservation procedures. The time-temperature curve of a sample immersed in liquid nitrogen enables the calculation of cooling rates and helps to determine whether it is vitrified or undergoes phase change transition. When dealing with cryogenic liquids, t...

We simulate cooling of superfluid neutron stars with nucleon cores where direct Urca process is forbidden. We adopt density dependent critical temperatures Tcp(ρ) and Tcn(ρ) of singlet-state proton and triplet-state neutron pairing in a stellar core and consider a strong proton pairing (with maximum T cp >∼ 5 × 10 9 K) and a moderate neutron pairing (T cn ∼ 6× 10 8 K). When the internal stellar...

Laser cooling by coherent scattering inside an optical cavity, a method proposed for cooling the motion of arbitrary particles that scatter light, is analyzed in terms of the modified emission spectrum. In contrast to conventional Doppler cooling, this method invokes the two-photon Doppler effect along the direction of the momentum transferred in the scattering process. Three-dimensional coolin...