We describe how seafloor heat flow is determined, review current understanding of advective heat loss from oceanic lithosphere, and present results from three field areas to illustrate how heat flow measurements are used (along with complementary data) to resolve fluid flow rates and patterns. Conductive heat flow through much of the seafloor is lower than predicted by lithospheric cooling mode...

The first lecture in this two-lecture sequence provides background and general concepts. The second lecture provides practical examples. The objective of these two lectures is to provide a modular design optimization tool description that will take into account interaction of the hot gas flow-field, heat transfer in the blade material, internal coolant flow-field, stresses and deformations of t...

Methods We studied 8 anesthetized, invasively monitored and mechanically ventilated domestic pigs, randomized into two groups (n=4): TH without or with SNP. After 3 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started in all animals and continued until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); defibrillation was performed 3 minutes after the start of CPR. H...

Cooling flow models for the hot gas in elliptical galaxies predict that gas is cooling at a rate of ∼ 1 M⊙ yr , yet there is little evidence for this phenomenon beyond the X-ray waveband. If hot gas is cooling, it will pass through the 3× 10 K regime and radiate in the O VI λλ1032,1038 ultraviolet lines, which can be detected with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE ) and here we r...

Complex heat transfer phenomena (including unsteady state conduction, convection and solidification processes) occur in steel belt conveyer sulfur granulating method. Numerical simulation of this technique is performed via a comprehensive and multifaceted one dimensional model. Since the air situated between the adjacent sulfur pastilles is essentially stagnant, therefore, the surface tempe...

We present results from two-dimensional numerical simulations of the interactions between magnetized shocks and radiative clouds. Our primary goal is to characterize the dynamical evolution of the shocked clouds. We perform runs in both the strong and weak magnetic field limits and consider three different field orientations. For the geometries considered, we generally find that magnetic fields...

Cooling towers are important equipments for the HVAC systems in commercial buildings, rejecting the process heat generation to the atmosphere. Dynamic modeling of cooling towers is beneficial for control design and fault detection and diagnostics of the chilled-water systems. This paper proposes a simple and yet effective dynamic model for a typical mechanical draft counter-flow wet cooling tow...

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the performance of film cooling injection from a row of circular holes spaced laterally across a flat plate. A highresolution PIV system was used to conduct flow field measurements to reveal the tendencies of the coolant stream to remain attached to the test plate or to separate from it, and a Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique was used t...

We examine the properties of the X-ray gas in the central regions of the distant (z = 0.46), X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies surrounding the powerful radio source 3C295, using observations made with the Chandra Observatory. Between radii of 50−500 kpc, the cluster gas is approximately isothermal with an emission-weighted temperature, kT ∼ 5 keV. Within the central 50 kpc radius this value dr...

We present an analysis of X-ray colour maps of the cores of clusters of galaxies, formed from the ratios of counts in different X-ray bands. Our technique groups pixels lying between contours in an adaptively-smoothed image of a cluster. We select the contour levels to minimize the uncertainties in the colour ratios, whilst preserving the structure of the object. We extend the work of Allen & F...