The evolution of the probabilities of genetic identity within and between the loci of a multigene family is investigated. Unbiased gene conversion, equal crossing over, random genetic drift, and mutation to new alleles are incorporated. Generations are discrete and nonoverlapping; the diploid, monoecious population mates at random. The linkage map is arbitrary, and the location dependence of th...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A history of a prior abdominal operation is common among patients presenting for laparoscopic colorectal surgery, and its impact on conversion and complication rates has been insufficiently studied. This study compares the conversion rates of patients with and without a prior abdominal operation (PAO). METHODS We analyzed 1000 consecutive laparoscopic colorectal rese...

BACKGROUND The appropriate timing for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis remains controversial. More recent evaluation indicates early laparoscopic surgery may be a safe option in acute cholecystitis, although conversion rates may be higher. No conclusive evidence establishing best practice in terms of clinical benefit exists. METHODS All randomized clinical ...

OBJECTIVE To analyse outcomes of variable management strategies for the treatment of Acute Cholecystitis in relation to morbidity, mortality and conversion to open surgery. METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at Firat University Hospital, Turkey and comprised records of Acute Cholecystitis patients admitted between 2005 and 2011. Patients were divided into subgroups according to adm...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) on sputum negative conversion and treatment of Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We included a total of 359 MDR-TB patients for comparing the sputum negative conversion rates at 2, 6, and 12 months after initiating treatment and the recovery (treatment success) rates after completion of treatment fo...

background : toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects humans at high preva-lence rates. the virulent rh strain of t. gondii is generally considered to have lost its cyst forming ca-pacity. this study performed to obtain tissue cysts in mice infected with tachyzoites of rh strain treated with sulfadiazine (sdz). it provides the opportunity to analyze the conversion of...

In this study, the effects of oxygen supplementation in different stocking densities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the specific growth rates (SGR), feed conversion ratios (FCR) and survival rates were investigated in a commercial-scale culture system. High density cultures were maintained in a total of nine (12 m3) flow-through systems supplemented with O2. Initial stocking rates fo...