This paper focuses on the relationships between stratified $L$-conver-gence spaces, stratified strong $L$-convergence spaces and stratifiedlevelwise  $L$-convergence spaces. It has been known that: (1) astratified $L$-convergence space is precisely a left-continuousstratified levelwise $L$-convergence space; and (2) a  stratifiedstrong $L$-convergence space is naturally a stratified $L$-converg...

in this paper, economic convergence in selected oic (36 countries) is studied. the convergence hypothesis is tested through three approaches: beta convergence, sigma convergence, and time series model. ols is used for estimating the cross section model and cross variance is used to test the distributive model. for analyzing time series model, we used augmented dicky fuller test. beta convergenc...

A very-small-aperture laser (VSAL) with a circular aperture has a trade-off between the spot size and the output power. A nanometric annular aperture is fabricated to overcome this difficulty. The advantages of the annular aperture are demonstrated by measuring and comparing its near-field intensity distribution with that of a circular aperture. These apertures are fabricated on the same VSAL t...

We use here a particle system to prove a convergence result as well as a deviation inequality for solutions of granular media equation when the confinement potential and the interaction potential are no more uniformly convex. Proof is straightforward, simplifying deeply proofs of Carrillo-McCann-Villani [CMCV03, CMCV06] and completing results of Malrieu [Mal03] in the uniformly convex case. It ...

The goal of this paper is to understand from a mathematical point of view the magnetic confinement of plasmas for fusion. Following Frénod and Sonnendrücker [7], we first use two-scale convergence tools to derive a gyrokinetic system for a plasma submitted to a large magnetic field with a slowly spatially varying intensity. We formally derive from this system a simplified bi-temperature fluid s...

Recent approaches to quark confinement are reviewed, with an emphasis on their connection to renormalization group (RG) methods. Basic concepts related to confinement are introduced: the string tension, Wilson loops and Polyakov lines, string breaking, string tension scaling laws, centre symmetry breaking and the deconfinement transition at non-zero temperature. Current topics discussed include...

This paper deals with the mathematical modelling of confinement of paralic ecosystems. It is based on the recent paper [FG07] that presents a modelling procedure in order to compute the confinement field of a lagoon. Here, we improve the existing model in order to account for tide oscillations in any kind of geometry such as non-rectangular lagoons with a non-flat bottom. The new model, that re...

20 The Boltzmann transport equation describes the statistical behavior of particles that are interacting with surrounding media. The transport equation is used to simulate neutral particle physics in many physical systems–for example, combustion systems, nuclear power reactors, and internal confinement fusion. Unfortunately, many iterative schemes, based on an explicit scattering and re-emissio...

Numerical simulations of thin sheets undergoing large deformations are computationally challenging. Depending on the scenario, they may spontaneously buckle, wrinkle, fold, or crumple. Nature’s thin tissues often experience significant anisotropic growth, which can act as the driving force for such instabilities. We use a recently developed finite element model to simulate the rich variety of n...

The ablator couples energy between the driver and fusion fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Because of its low opacity, high solid density, and material properties, beryllium has long been considered an ideal ablator for ICF ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility. We report here the first indirect drive Be implosions driven with shaped laser pulses and diagnosed with fus...