Study Design Case report and review of the literature. Objective To present an unusual case of conus medullaris ependymal cyst. Methods This is a case of a 41-year-old woman with a diagnosis of ependymal cyst who presented with a history of shock-like pain to the lower limbs. Results The patient underwent a successful cyst decompression. Conclusion A few cases have been reported in the literatu...

We report on glioblastoma multiple spinal intraaxial metastases with primary disease radiologically under control. The case highlights glioblastoma biological behavior and spread mechanisms; dissemination may have occurred initially and been controlled by chemotherapy, or more likely, is an indicator that even if radiologically dormant, disease is unlikely biologically inactive.

BACKGROUND Afferents from the urinary tract transmit bladder sensations to the central nervous system. Spinal cord injury (SCI) may affect both efferent motor and afferent sensory pathways. Presence/absence of bladder sensations in patients with complete spinal cord, conus or cauda equina lesions was compared with neurologically unimpaired patients. METHODS During urodynamics, bladder sensati...

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) associated with dural ectasia is a rare neurologic complication in patients with longstanding ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We report a 68-year-old male with a 30-year history of AS who presented a typical symptom and signs of progressive CES, urinary incontinence and neuropathic pain of the lumbosacral radiculopathy. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance im...

BACKGROUND Despite the large amount of literature on caudal anaesthesia in children, the issue of volume of local anaesthetics and cranial spread is still not settled. Thus, the aim of the present prospective randomized study was to evaluate the cranial spread of caudally administered local anaesthetics in children by means of real-time ultrasound, with a special focus on the effects of using d...

UNLABELLED We examined ultrastructural details such as the cellular component and membrane thickness of human spinal pia mater with the aim of determining whether fenestrations are present. We hypothesized that pia mater is not a continuous membrane but, instead, that there are fenestrations across the pial cellular membrane. The lumbar dural sac from 7 fresh human cadavers was removed, and sam...