BACKGROUND Contraceptive implants, the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS), and the copperbearing intrauterine device (IUD) are long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) with high contraceptive effectiveness. The cumulative pregnancy rates in the first 3 years of use of LARCs is 0.9 per 100 woman-years. In comparison, the percentages of women experiencing an unintended pr...

In recent years, Americans have begun to use Depo only through prescription. Women's organizations and pro-feminist groups have developed a positive attitude towards its use in recent years. They regard Depo as one of the more convenient contraceptive methods; in contrast, oral contraceptive pills are highly used in America. There is a need of study intends to explore the socioeconomic status, ...

Inherited risk factors for vascular disease include factor V Leiden [1], prothrombin [2] and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) point mutations [3]. The use of oral contraceptives is also a recognized risk factor for venous thromboembolism [4]. In Eastern Mediterranean countries, the highest frequency of factor V Leiden was reported in Lebanon (14%) [5,6]. However, there are no studies...

Results from focus-group discussions with a population of university students who have convenient access to emergency contraceptive pills show that basic awareness about this method is high, although specific knowledge on appropriate use, such as the time limit for use, the level of effectiveness and the possible side effects, is lacking. Approval of the method is widespread among both female a...

AIM This study assessed the influence of current oral contraceptive pills on periodontal health in young females. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seventy women ranging in age from 17 to 35 years (mean 24 years) had a comprehensive periodontal examination. Their current and previous oral contraceptive pill use was assessed by a questionnaire. A periodontal assessment was performed that included recordin...

OBJECTIVE To assess the contraceptive effectiveness of condoms versus oral contraceptive pills and estimate the reproductive consequences of a major shift from pill to condom use. METHODS Secondary analysis was performed on nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of women in 16 developing countries. FINDINGS In the 16 countries, the median per cent of married couples currently usi...

The stimulatory role of estrogen on prolactin secretion and on proliferation of lactotropic cells is well established in terms of physiology but could this phenomenon be extended to include harmful effects of estrogens on prolactinoma? The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date assessment of this subject with regard to pregnancy, use of contraceptive pills and postmenopausal hormone rep...

CONTEXT Little is known about health care providers' knowledge of, attitudes toward and provision of emergency contraceptive pills in the English-speaking Caribbean, where sexual violence and unplanned pregnancies are persistent public health problems. METHODS We conducted interviewer-administered surveys of 200 Barbadian and 228 Jamaican pharmacists, general practitioners, obstetrician-gynec...

This was a comparative study of side effects and acceptability of low-dose pills administered by the oral and vaginal rout. In an experimental clinical trial study, undesirable side effects of nausea, dysmenorrhea, breast tenderness, gastrointestinal disorders, vertigo, headache, and breakthrough bleeding (BTB) were studied. The participants of the case and the control groups were the same wome...

Results: Students included in study were of 16-29 years age group (mean age 18.6±3.2 years), 225 (37.5%) had adequate knowledge about emergency contraceptive pills, statistically significant difference in knowledge is seen among students who got knowledge from literary sources and health personnel (p<0.05). Majority of the science stream students (50%) were having adequate knowledge followed by...