Genetic Programming is extended so that the solutions being evolved do so in the context of local domains within the total problem domain. This produces a situation where different “species” of solution develop to exploit different “niches” of the problem – indicating exploitable solutions. It is argued that for context to be fully learnable a further step of abstraction is necessary. Such cont...

In the last thirty years, the problem of presupposition projection has been taken to provide a decisive argument for a dynamic approach to meaning, one in which expressions are not evaluated with respect to the ‘global’ context of utterance, but rather with respect to a ‘local context’ obtained by updating the global one with expressions that occur earlier in the sentence. The computation of lo...

We survey some issues that relate to context dependence and context sensitivity in the development of software, particularly in relation to information systems by defining a range of context-related concepts. Domain models are identified as the appropriate framework for dealing with context-related issues. The importance of context is being increasingly recognized in many areas of computing. Th...

Many scholars associate the 19th-century practice of moral treatment with occupational therapy practice. A more thorough understanding of moral treatment is therefore relevant for occupational therapists. This article considers moral treatment within the contexts that shaped both its characteristics and the course of its practice--the medical community and 19th-century society. This considerati...

This purpose of this note is lexicographic rather than theoretical: to tease apart some of the meanings of the word 'context' as it is used in the technical literature. I wil l distinguish four different kinds of context and the presuppositions that lie behind them. I hope to clarify what I believe to be a difference between two intellectual traditions, each of which brings a different collecti...

Many studies have shown that retrieving information during a test facilitates later memory for that information. Most research on this testing effect has focused on retention of information measured via a final test that is similar to the initial test. Much less is known about the potential of testing to promote the application—i.e., transfer—of learning. In this article, I review recent studie...

We present a view of a context hypothesization process performed using the probabilistic knowledge of a domain. We outline the underlying asumptions and requirements for a focussed construction of interesting hypothetical contexts for probabilistic reasoning. The formalism presented seeks to construct consistent, minimal, and desirable probabilistic contexts by selecting suitable domain attribu...

Kaplan started a fruitful debate on the meaning of pejoratives. He suggests that a dimension of expressive meaning is required, separated from the straightforward “at issue” content. To account for this, writers have elaborated on this suggestion, by arguing that the separated expressive meaning of pejoratives and slurs is instead either a conventional or conversational implicatures, or a presu...

We claim in this paper that “context” is a key design concept for stimulating people’s mind to discover new interpretations and understandings in the digital archive. Our approach to the notion of context is unique in terms of the proposal of the model of context from the viewpoint of database systems and informatics. We assume that content is actually comprised by two basic elements, namely co...