Images and force measurements taken by an atomic-force microscope ( AFM) depend greatly on the properties of the spring and tip used to probe the sample’s surface. In this article, we describe a simple, nondestructive procedure for measuring the force constant, resonant frequency, and quality factor of an AFM cantilever spring and the effective radius of curvature of an AFM tip. Our procedure u...

In this paper, a new technique for measuring the effective propagation constant of dense random media is presented. This technique involves two major steps: 1) measurement of the mean bistatic scattered field of a cluster of the random medium confined in a spherical boundary and 2) characterization of the complex permittivity for a homogeneous dielectric sphere having identical radius and bista...

The exact numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian of a 2D circular quantum dot is performed for 2, 3, and 4 electrons.The results are compared with those of the perturbation theory.Our numerical results agree reasonably well for small values of the dimensionles coupling constant λ = a a B where a is the dot radius and a B is the effective Bohr radius.Exact diagonalization results are compa...