The organic salt bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride shows a sharp switching of its dielectric constant at 320 K. The switching property originates from the dynamic changes of the (2-chloroethyl)ammonium cation between frozen and motional states, corresponding to a structural phase transition.

We present a new and improved method for simultaneous control of temperature and pressure in molecular dynamics simulations with periodic boundary conditions. The thermostat-barostat equations are built on our previously developed stochastic thermostat, which has been shown to provide correct statistical configurational sampling for any time step that yields stable trajectories. Here, we extend...

Molecular-dynamics computer simulation [1, 2] has become a standard tool in computational biophysics and chemistry. Traditional molecular dynamics samples configurations from a constant energy or microcanonical distribution. This is often inappropriate since experiments are usually performed at constant temperature (canonical ensemble). While Monte Carlo methods can be used for the canonical en...

The correspondence between the imaginary time and real time thermal running coupling constant is discussed. The temperature dependence is derived in pure QCD at one-loop order in a generalized momentum subtraction (MOM) renormalization scheme.

Hypothesis: The effects of temperature variation on life-history traits depend on both mean developmental temperature and geographic population of origin. Organism: Pitcher plant mosquitoes, Wyeomyia smithii. Field sites: We established laboratory colonies from three geographic populations spanning a latitudinal and altitudinal gradient in eastern North America. Sites at lower latitudes or alti...

Natural convection between vertical parallel plates occurs frequently in applications such as solar collectors and cooling of electronic instruments. The problem is a two dimensional developing buoyant flow. In this work, the two dimensional conservation equations are solved numerically for constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux. The results for the local Nusselt number at the du...