Antibodies are widely available and cost-effective research tools in life science, and antibody conjugates are now extensively used for targeted therapy, immunohistochemical staining, or in vivo diagnostic imaging of cancer. Significant advances in site-specific antibody labeling technologies have enabled the production of highly characterized and homogenous conjugates for biomedical purposes, ...

In this paper, a new nonlinear conjugate gradient method is proposed for large-scale unconstrained optimization. The sufficient descent property holds without any line searches. We use some steplength technique which ensures the Zoutendijk condition to be held, this method is proved to be globally convergent. Finally, we improve it, and do further analysis.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most important member of the group of phytohormones known as auxins, which regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. The concentration of IAA in cells and tissues is controlled by various mechanisms, including de novo biosynthesis, synthesis and hydrolysis of IAA conjugates, conversion of IAA to indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and oxidative degradatio...

The effect of including sodium azide as a bacteriostatic agent in solutions used to dilute antibodies conjugated with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase was examined. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunohistochemical method were used and both techniques demonstrated an inhibitory effect of sodium azide on the activity of the peroxidase conjugates. It is concluded that the u...

Secondary conjugates are often employed to target a species specific antibody of interest (e.g., mouse, rabbit, goat, etc.). This method may save the researcher precious time in conjugation but secondary antibodies have their drawbacks. Secondary antibodies are known to significantly increase background signal through non-specific binding to antibody/antigen surfaces. For producing maximum spec...

Therapeutic activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) has potential for cancer immunotherapy, for augmenting the activity of antitumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and for improved vaccine adjuvants. A previous attempt to specifically target TLR agonists to dendritic cells (DC) using mAbs failed because conjugation led to nonspecific binding and mAbs lost specificity. We demonstrate here for the...

N-Acetylation of xenobiotic-derived cysteine S-conjugates is a key step in the mercapturic acid pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the N-acetylation of haloalkene-derived S-haloalkyl and S-haloalkenyl cysteine S-conjugates by porcine kidney cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase (NAcT). A radioactive assay for the quantification of NAcT activity was developed as a new method fo...

The generation of antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules is desirable for a host of reasons. Whilst certain antibody engineering approaches have been useful in the preparation of such constructs, a reliable method based on a native antibody scaffold without the use of enzymes or harsh oxidative conditions has hitherto not been achieved. The use of native antibodies has several advant...

T study was motivated primarily by the author’s interest in numerical methods at both a teaching and research level. Much has already been written about “standard” Mathcad 6 and the purpose of this article is to focus on, and use, some of the features of Plus 6 which are not available in the standard version. In particular the use of the programming facility, which comes with Plus 6, is illustr...

Stylometry is the study of the computational and mathematical properties of style. The aim of a stylometrist is to derive stylometrics and models based upon those metrics to quantitatively gauge stylistic propensities. This paper presents a method of formulating a stylistic distance function via a weighted ratio of lexical stylometrics, the higher the ratio the more the styles diverge. The coef...