This study aimed to explore the spatial numerical association of response codes (SNARC), the flanker, and the numerical distance effects in children with mathematical difficulties. From a sample of 720 third, fourth, and fifth graders, 60 children were selected and divided into the following three groups: typically developing children (TD; n = 29), children with mathematical difficulties only (...

T 009 port 970 Gib men Chr sis. //ww A Bola Cog 705 graphs (e.g., duck) and were preceded by a biasing context sentence. The homograph in the target sentence was always disambiguated by a case-marked pronoun, e.g., She saw his/him duck. Lexical bias effects (reflecting the relative frequency of the noun and verb forms) were found in the initial fixations on the homograph. In contrast, discourse...

Congruency effects are taken as evidence that semantic information can be processed automatically. However, these effects are often weak, and the straightforward association between primes and targets can exaggerate congruency effects. To address these problems, a mouse movement method is applied to scrutinize congruency effects. In one experiment, participants judged whether two numbers were t...

We deal with situations incongruent with our automatic response tendencies much better right after having done so on a previous trial than after having reacted to a congruent trial. The nature of the mechanisms responsible for these sequential congruency effects is currently a hot topic of debate. According to the conflict monitoring model these effects depend on the adjustment of control trigg...

To deal effectively with a continuously changing environment, our cognitive system adaptively regulates resource allocation. Earlier findings showed that an avoidance orientation (induced by arm extension), relative to an approach orientation (induced by arm flexion), enhanced sustained cognitive control. In avoidance conditions, performance on a cognitive control task was enhanced, as indicate...

In a recent study a strong congruency-effect has been shown between processing numbers (high/low) and nouns with an implicit up or down directional cue (e.g. roof/root). On this basis, the present study investigates the impact of grammatical number on this effect. Subjects processed number cues (2,3,8,9) followed by singular nouns with either up, down or none oriented cue in one condition and t...

In perceptual filtering tasks, congruency effects vary as a function of proportion congruent (PC), with smaller congruency effects when congruent trials are rare than when they are frequent. This effect is typically larger with extreme differences between high and low proportion congruent conditions (e.g., 80% congruent-20% incongruent) than with intermediate differences (e.g., 60% congruent-40...

The present study investigated the coupling of selection-for-perception and selection-for-action during saccadic eye movement planning in three dual-task experiments. We focused on the effects of spatial congruency of saccade target (ST) location and discrimination target (DT) location and the time between ST-cue and Go-signal (SOA) on saccadic eye movement performance. In two experiments, part...

In this paper we explore features for text detection within images of scenes containing other background objects using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. In our approach, the Haar-like features are designed and utilised on banks of bandpass filters and phase congruency edge maps. The designed features with SVM leverages the properties of text geometry and colour for better differentiatio...

In processes of the production chain of carbide inserts, such as unloading or packaging, the conformity test of the insert type is performed manually, which causes a statistic increase of errors due to monotony and fatigue of workers as well as the wide variety of insert types. A measuring method is introduced that automatically inspects the chipformer geometry, the most significant quality fea...