This paper presents a history of congestion control research and an analysis of a specific rate-based congestion control protocol, TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC). Two taxonomies of congestion control mechanisms are presented, and later used to classify general end-to-end congestion control schemes including window-based and rate-based methods. The classic TCP congestion control mechanisms are...

Last decade has witnessed wide growth of Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Mobile ad-hoc network is self-configurable and adaptive. MANETs use wireless connections to connect various networks. There are number of issues and challenges in a mobile ad hoc network. Due to many number of nodes transmitting packets over the network, the chances of losing the packets over the network increases to a gr...

Transport is one of the key elements in development any country; it can be a powerful catalyst for economic growth. However, infrastructure does not give enough to huge number vehicles which produces several problems, particularly terms road safety, and loss time pollution. One most significant problems congestion, this major handicap transport system. An alternative would use new technologies ...

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the packet loss occurs due to congestion. The sink node which is called special node collects information from other nodes. There are various congestion control algorithms are currently used. In WSN congestion detection and congestion control are the major research areas. It is important to design protocols for controlling congestion. The congestion control pro...

Congestion is an important issue that requires the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). We first classify conventional congestion into congestion (newly defined) and technical inefficiency, based on prior research and real applications. Modified definitions and mathematical expression of congestion, managerial inefficiency, and technical inefficiency are proposed to better illustrate the...