The absolute instability of jets and wake flows have often been studied when either unconfined in the flow normal direction, or confined by solid, impermeable walls. In this study, we confine compliant, flexible, walls that are only able to move direction. By using a local analysis, find wall compliance can significant effect on existing instabilities even induce new absolutely unstable modes.

jet impingement heat transfer is an effective and practical approach that is employed in many industrial processes where heating, cooling, or drying is required. details of the heat or mass transfer rate have been investigated both experimentally and numerically and can be found in the published literature. in most of the numerical studies, control-volume approach has been employed to solve the...

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of two lines selected for low (LR) and high (HR) cortisol stress-responsiveness were subjected to confinement for a period of 336 h. Endocrine (plasma cortisol, hepatic cortisol binding) and metabolic (plasma glucose, lactate, amino acids; hepatic glycogen and alanine aminotransferase levels) indices of stress were measured at intervals in confined and unconf...

fiber reinforced concrete (frc) has been widely used due to its advantages over plain concrete such as high energy absorption, post cracking behaviour, flexural and impact strength and arresting shrinkage cracks. but there is a weak zone between fibers and paste in fiber reinforced concretes and this weak zone is full of porosity, especially in hybrid fiber reinforced concretes. so it is necess...

We develop an analytical method for studying the properties of a noninteracting wormlike chain (WLC) in confined geometries. The mean-field-like theory replaces the rigid constraints of confinement with average constraints, thus allowing us to develop a tractable method for treating a WLC wrapped on the surface of a sphere, and fully encapsulated within it. The efficacy of the theory is establi...

We analyze the modes (excitations) of phases that arise via spontaneous global symmetry breaking from the isotropic phase. We focus on ordinary and liquid crystals. The modes can be classified into three categories: regular or electric modes, which refer to regular excitations of the ground state; topological or magnetic modes, which have a core in which the symmetry is (partially) restored; an...

Confined plunging jets are investigated as potential outfalls for the discharge of desalination brine. Compared to offshore submerged that rely on momentum induce mixing, released above water surface utilize both and negative buoyancy. Plunging also introduce air into column, which can reduce possibility hypoxic zones. In contrast unconfined jets, confined include a confining tube, or downcomer...

Unwanted sound reflection can create acoustic discomfort and lead to problems of speech comprehensibility. Contemporary building techniques enable highly finished internal walls resulting in sound reflective surfaces. In contrast, sustainable construction materials using natural and vegetal materials, are often more porous and absorptive. Hemp shiv is used as an aggregate and when mixed with li...