This paper discusses plaster, concrete and mortar in terms of their chemical composition, reviews the deterioration of these materials and suggests possible conservation treatments for them. In terms of chemical components, plaster is considered in this paper as being formed primarily of calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate dihydrate (or a mixture of the two); concrete as primarily a mixture of...

Ferrocement or Ferro-concrete is a system of reinforced mortar or plaster applied over layers of metal. It consists of closely spaced, multiple layers of mesh or fine rods completely embedded in cement mortar. It has a wide range of uses including sculpture and prefabricated building components. Ferro concrete is relatively a new material and has good strength and resistance to impact. When use...

Twisted 0.375 30 80 2,300 1 Abstract—In order to supplement the brittle property of concrete, fibers are added into concrete mixtures. Compared to general concrete, various characteristics such as tensile strength, bending strength, bending toughness, and resistance to crack are superior, and even when cracks occur, improvements on toughness as well as resistance to shock are excellent due to t...

Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC), is a concrete with zero slump, which is used in damming and road pavement. Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement (RCCP) bear heavy traffic loads and severe weather conditions. This type of concrete is due to its economic and environmental capabilities, including reduced construction and maintenance costs, longer durability and longer lifetime, as well as environmen...

In the present paper a fully coupled three-dimensional thermo-hygro-mechanical model for concrete is discussed and used in the numerical studies. The model is formulated in the framework of continuum mechanics based on the principles of irreversible thermodynamics. Distribution of moisture, pore pressure, temperature, stresses and strains are calculated by employing a three-dimensional transien...

This paper describes the effects of reinforcement by randomly distributed nylon fibers and addition of nanoclay on some engineering properties of a typical asphalt concrete. The properties of asphalt concrete reinforced by different percentages of 25 mm nylon fibers have been compared with those of the mixtures containing different percentages of nanoclay and those in which both the fibers and ...

Volcanic ash deposited on paved surfaces during volcanic eruptions often compromises skid resistance, which is a major component of safety. We adopt the British pendulum test method in laboratory conditions to investigate the skid resistance of road asphalt and airfield concrete surfaces covered by volcanic ash sourced from various locations in New Zealand. Controlled variations in ash characte...

Debonding failure is the main failure mode in flexurally strengthened reinforced concrete beams by externally bonded or near surface mounted fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. It is believed that FRP debonding will be initiated if the shear stress on the concrete-FRP interface reaches the tensile strength of concrete. However, it was found through experimental and analytical studies tha...

In concrete structures such as road facilities, harbor facilities, sediment control dams, and others, impact loads sometimes act directly on members. Load bearing capacity, toughness and displacement recovery properties are important, and should be evaluated appropriately. Recently, to prevent the spalling of concrete portions is also one of the important requirements for concrete structures. T...