Concentration modulation, whereby information is encoded in the concentration level of chemicals, is considered. One of the main challenges with such systems is the limited control the transmitter has on the concentration level at the receiver. For example, concentration cannot be directly decreased by the transmitter, and the decrease in concentration over time occurs solely due to transport m...

We designed a microfluidic module that generates complex and dynamic concentration profiles of multiple molecules over a large concentration range using pulse-width modulation (PWM). Our PWM module can combine up to six different inputs and select among three downstream mixing channels, as required by the application. The module can produce concentrations with a dynamic range of three decades. ...

Neuromodulators, including transmitters and peptides, modify neuronal excitability. In most neurons, multiple neuromodulator receptors are present on a single cell. Previous work has demonstrated either occlusive or additive effects when two neuromodulators that target the same ion channel are applied together. In this study, we characterize the modulation of Ca2+ and K+ channels in embryonic c...

Lead forms the complexes with xylenol orange in the basic solution. An adsorptivedifferential pulse stripping method for the determination of lead is proposed. The procedureinvolves an adsorptive accumulation of lead on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) inthe presence of xylenol orange, followed by reduction of adsorbed lead by voltammetric scanusing differential pulse modulation. The opt...

Memristors have emerged as transformative devices to enable neuromorphic and in-memory computing, where success requires the identification development of materials that can overcome challenges in retention device variability. Here, high-entropy oxide composed Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W oxides is first demonstrated a switching material for valence change memory. This multielement provides uniform di...

This paper shows how we can make advantage of using genetic programming in selection of suitable features for automatic modulation recognition. Automatic modulation recognition is one of the essential components of modern receivers. In this regard, selection of suitable features may significantly affect the performance of the process. Simulations were conducted with 5db and 10db SNRs. Test and ...

Neuronal oscillatory activity in the beta band (15-30 Hz) is a prominent signal within the human sensorimotor cortex. Computational modeling and pharmacological modulation studies suggest an influence of GABAergic interneurons on the generation of beta band oscillations. Accordingly, studies in humans have demonstrated a correlation between GABA concentrations and power of beta band oscillation...

The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production is a crucial aspect of infections caused by Candida albicans. We therefore investigated the effect of yeast concentration on the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by the murine macrophage cell line J774 decreased significantly as the live yeast concentration in...

Attenuated behavioral sensitivity to neurosteroids has been reported for mice deficient in the GABAA receptor subunit. We therefore investigated potential subunit-specific neurosteroid pharmacology of the following GABAA receptor isoforms in a transient expression system: 1 3 2L, 1 3 , 6 3 2L, and 6 3 . Potentiation of submaximal GABAA receptor currents by the neurosteroid tetrahydrodeoxycortic...