the use of solar collectors in combination with heat pipes is rapidly growing in recent years.heat pipes, as heat transfer components, have undeniable advantages in comparison with other alternatives. the most important advantage is their high rate of heat transfer at minor temperature differences. although there have been numerous studies on the heat analysis or first thermodynamic analysis of...

In this study, a flexible ultrasonic transducer (FUT) was applied in a laser ultrasonic technique (LUT) for non-destructive characterization of metallic pipes at high temperatures of up to 176 °C. Compared with normal ultrasound transducers, a FUT is a piezoelectric film made of a PZT/PZT sol-gel composite which has advantages due to its high sensitivity, curved surface adaptability and high te...

A method to calculate residual activation of thin accelerator components is presented. A model for residual dose estimation for thick objects made of arbitrary composite materials for arbitrary irradiation and cooling times is employed in this study. A scaling procedure is described to apply the model to thin objects with linear dimensions less than a fraction of a nuclear interaction length. T...

In this paper we introduce a formal approach to architectural design patterns based on an object-oriented model integrated with a process-oriented method for describing the patterns. The object-oriented model is based on the Abstract Data View (ADV) concept, which is a formal model for subjectivity in that it explicitly distinguishes between two kinds of objects, namely application objects and ...

Flexible ultrasonic transducers (FUTs) consisting of a 75 μm thick metal membrane, a piezoelectric composite with a thickness larger than 85 μm and a top electrode were developed for structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive testing (NDT) applications. The piezoelectric films were made by a sol-gel spray technique. Its ultrasonic performance in terms of signal strength is at least ...

Fiber-reinforced flexible pipes are subjected to large axial tension loads in deep-water applications, which may result the excessive deformation of pipes. Owing anisotropy composite materials, accurately describing tensile behavior these is difficult. Theoretical, numerical, and experimental methods employed this study investigate mechanical characteristics a glass fiber-reinforced unbonded pi...