Public and consumer pressure for assurances that farm animals are raised humanely has led to a range of private and public animal welfare standards, and for methods to assess compliance with these standards. The standards usually claim to be science based, but even though researchers have developed measures of animal welfare and have tested the effects of housing and management variables on wel...

Improving the quality of clinical care in developing country settings is a difficult task, both in public sector settings where supervision is infrequent and in private sector settings where supervision and certification are non-existent. This study tested a low-cost method, self-assessment, for improving the quality of care that providers offer in a peri-urban area in Mali. The study was a cro...

abstract   background: evaluate the adherence to facility management and safety standards among governmental and non-governmental hospitals in shiraz, iran.   methods: in this cross sectional study, 22 hospitals of the 33 hospitals in shiraz, iran including 13 governmental and 9 non-governmental facilities were surveyed. a 74-item self-administered questionnaire was used. collected data were en...

Compliance is an important issue in environmental regulation. We discuss some of the key elements of the problem and analyze a situation where emissions are not random and firms are risk-neutral. We study the firm’s decision on emissions and compliance when the environmental regulation is based on standards and the enforcement agency audits the firm with a certain probability. We compare total ...

Most firms in the U.S. are simultaneously regulated by multiple regulatory agencies. These agencies rarely, if ever, consider how their actions to promote compliance with their own standards might affect firms’ inputs into compliance with standards of other agencies. This paper investigates whether and why such regulatory spillovers occur by analyzing how firms trade off regulatory demands. Hei...

CONTEXT Computerized systems to remind physicians to provide appropriate care have not been widely evaluated in large numbers of patients in multiple clinical settings. OBJECTIVE To examine whether a computerized reminder system operating in multiple Veterans Affairs (VA) ambulatory care clinics improves resident physician compliance with standards of ambulatory care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND P...

background and purpose: professional ethics is one of the foremost components of every occupation. the ethical standards are essential to the improvement of quality of care. on the other hand, job satisfaction is a critical challenge for healthcare organizations. this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between compliance with professional ethics and job satisfaction among nurses. methods:...