A differential pairing procedure was applied in vivo to individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized paralyzed cats, in order to produce changes in their relative orientation preference. While we recorded from a single cell, its visual response to a light bar was driven iontophoretically to a "high" level when stimulating with an initially nonpreferred orientation (S+), and a...

How people work to obtain a reward depends on the context of the reward delivery, such as the presence/absence of competition and the contingency of reward delivery. Since resources are limited, winning a competition is critically important for organisms' obtaining a reward. People usually expect ordinary performance-reward contingency, with better performers obtaining better rewards. Unordinar...

In this study, the binding of amlodipine (a Ca ++ channel Blocker) and arsenic (metalloid) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by equilibrium dialysis(ED) method in order to have an insight into their binding chemistry to BSA. Free amlodipine concentration was increased due to addition of arsenic which reduced the binding of the compounds to BSA. However, the free fraction was not increa...

By the field survey, we obtained corresponding data, and established the mathematical model by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The mathematical model was used to analyze the rationality of the brand introduction and goods allocating and planning in the marketplace in order to enhance the competitive level of the business area, offer more shopping choices when promoting citizens’ purchas...

Competitive anxiety is an important issue in sport psychology since it capable of influencing athletes’ performance. This study aims to examine the role emotion regulation and personality explaining individual differences competitive athletes, considering their sex modality. A total 101 athletes (50.5% males), aged between 18 69 years (M = 26.22; SD 0.99), were included this cross-sectional stu...

the main aim of the present study was to examine the mediation effect of sport self-efficacy on the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and competitive anxiety in a sample of iranian athletes. 233 volunteer athletes (145 boys, 88 girls) from different sport fields participated in this study. all participants were required to complete the competitive perfectionism scale (cps), the m...