Communities of practice (CoPs) play a critical role in delivery and sharing of knowledge. Apart from the easy expression of explicitly knowledge, the dynamic processes and complex interactions in online CoPs do mediate the creation and transfer of tacit knowledge as well. This is inferred from the many ways CoPs have revolutionalized the ways in which context-specific knowledge is shared virtua...

BACKGROUND Self-stigma has been highlighted and researched in relation to patients with chronic illnesses, as it may have a negative impact on their treatment adherence. However, self-stigma has not yet been investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes. In order to evaluate the extent to which patients with type 2 diabetes experience self-stigma, which may result in their poor self-care manage...

BACKGROUND It has been reported that stroke has a higher incidence and mortality rate in the People's Republic of China compared to the global average. These conditions can be managed by proper medication use, but ensuring medication adherence is challenging. OBJECTIVE To translate the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale into Chinese and test its validity and reliability in pat...

In order to improve the ethical climate in health care organizations, it is important to apply a valid measure. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS) and to assess nurses' perceptions of the ethical climate in teaching hospitals of Iran. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected nurses (n = 187) was co...

BACKGROUND The Jefferson Scale of Attitude toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSAPNC) has been used to measure the attitude regarding collaboration between nurses and physicians. The aim of this preliminary study was to test the reliability and validity of an Arabic version of the questionnaire and adapt it for use in Palestine. METHODS Forward-backward translation of guidelines provided i...

Results of previous studies from North America reported that only 14 out of the 20 items from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were required to assess negative affect, somatic symptoms, and anhedonia. However, it remains unclear whether this three-factor structure of the CES-D would be valid in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of the...

BACKGROUND The transtheoretical model (TTM) is a common framework for studies of smoking cessation. Using the TTM, several instruments were developed to measure to what extent interventions could make changes in people's behavior. The current study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Persian version of a TTM based questionnaire for smoking cessation in Iran. METHODS This was a c...

Objective: To adapt and test P. M. Lewinsohn, H. M. Hoberman, L. Teri, and M. Hautzinger’s (1985) integrative model of depression for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Design: Structural equation modeling. Participants: Individuals with chronic pain (N 171), recruited from 6 outpatient rehabilitation facilities in Canada. Outcome Measures: Two measures of the latent variable, depre...

Characteristics of university courses and student engagement were examined in relation to student ratings of instruction. The Universal Student Ratings of Instruction instrument was administered to students at the end of every course at a major Canadian university over a threeyear period. Using a two-step analytic procedure, a latent variable path model was created. The model showed a moderate ...