We define branch product topologies, a new product construction. Branch product topologies generalize sum topologies and product topologies. We investigate criteria for branch products or iterations of branch products to preserve various topological properties, focusing on the separation axioms and compactness. In particular, we generalize the Tychonoff Theorems for compactness and D-compactness.

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is currently widely applied to existing alloys as a means of further enhancing the alloys' figure of merit. However, the determination of the optimal sintering condition is challenging in the SPS process. This report demonstrates a systematic way to independently optimize the Seebeck coefficient S and the ratio of electrical to thermal conductivity (σ/κ) and thus ac...

In this paper, we obtain an axiomatic characterization of Lowen's fuzzy compactness. KeywordsMathematics, fuzzy sets, Topology, Lowen's compactness, operators.

The abstract model-theoretic concepts of compactness and Löwenheim–Skolem properties are investigated in the “softer” framework of pre-institutions [18]. Two compactness results are presented in this paper: a more informative reformulation of the compactness theorem for pre-institution transformations, and a theorem on natural equivalences with an abstract form of the first-order pre-institutio...

We show the relative consistency of the existence of two strongly compact cardinals κ1 and κ2 which exhibit indestructibility properties for their strong compactness, together with level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness holding at all measurable cardinals except for κ1. In the model constructed, κ1’s strong compactness is indestructible under arbitrary κ1-dir...

let c be a field of subsets of a set i. also, let     1 i i be a non-decreasing positivesequence of real numbers such that 1, 1 0 1   i  and    11 i i . in this paper we prove thatbv of all the games of -bounded variation on c is a non-separable and norm dual banach space of thespace of simple games on c . we use this fact to establish the existence of a linear mapping t from...

In [8], we introduced the concept of fuzzy r-minimal structure which is an extension of smooth fuzzy topological spaces and fuzzy topological spaces in Chang's sense. And we also introduced and studied the fuzzy r-M continuity. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of fuzzy r-minimal compactness, almost fuzzy r-minimal compactness and nearly fuzzy r-minimal compactness on fuzzy r-minimal spa...

This study investigated the influence of thread pitch, helix angle, and compactness on micromotion in immediately loaded implants in bone of varying density (D2, D3, and D4). Five models of the three-dimensional finite element (0.8 mm pitch, 1.6 mm pitch, 2.4 mm pitch, double-threaded, and triple-threaded implants) in three types of bone were created using Pro/E, Hypermesh, and ABAQUS software....