Let $I$ be a proper ideal of a commutative semiring $R$ and let $P(I)$ be the set of all elements of $R$ that are not prime to $I$. In this paper, we investigate the total graph of $R$ with respect to $I$, denoted by $T(Gamma_{I} (R))$. It is the (undirected) graph with elements of $R$ as vertices, and for distinct $x, y in R$, the vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $x + y in P(I)...

A subsemiring S of $$\mathbb {R}$$ is called a positive semiring provided that consists nonnegative numbers and $$1 \in S$$ . Here we study factorizations in both the additive monoid $$(S,+)$$ multiplicative $$(S\backslash \{0\}, \cdot )$$ In particular, investigate when, for S, have following properties: atomicity, ACCP, bounded factorization property (BFP), finite (FFP), half-factorial (HFP)....

It was known that the quaternion group and the octic group could not be generated by the squares of any group [5, pp. 193-194]. A natural question is which groups are generated by the squares of some groups. Clearly, groups of odd order and simple groups are generated by their own squares. In this paper, we show in a concrete manner that abelian groups are generated by the squares of some group...

Iteration semirings are Conway semirings satisfying Conway’s group identities. We show that the semirings Nrat〈〈Σ∗〉〉 of rational power series with coefficients in the semiring N of natural numbers are the free partial iteration semirings. Moreover, we characterize the semirings Nrat ∞ 〈〈Σ∗〉〉 as the free semirings in the variety of iteration semirings defined by three additional simple identitie...

The concept of algebraic hyperstructures introduced by Marty as a generalization of ordinary algebraic structures. In an ordinary algebraic structure, the composition of two elements is an element, while in an algebraic hyperstructure, the composition of two elements is a set. The concept of ?-semihyperrings is a generalization of semirings, a generalization of semihyper‌rings and a generalizat...

In this paper, we study the decomposition of semirings with a semilattice additive reduct. For, we introduce the notion of principal left $k$-radicals $Lambda(a)={x in S | a stackrel{l}{longrightarrow^{infty}} x}$ induced by the transitive closure $stackrel{l}{longrightarrow^{infty}}$ of the relation $stackrel{l}{longrightarrow}$ which induce the equivalence relation $lambda$. Again non-transit...

We introduce the Arithmetic Site: an algebraic geometric space deeply related to the non-commutative geometric approach to the Riemann Hypothesis. We prove that the non-commutative space quotient of the adèle class space of the field of rational numbers by the maximal compact subgroup of the idèle class group, which we had previously shown to yield the correct counting function to obtain the co...

Modes are idempotent and entropic algebras. Although it had been established many years ago that groupoid modes embed as subreducts of semimodules over commutative semirings, the general embeddability question remained open until M. Stronkowski and D. Stanovský’s recent constructions of isolated examples of modes without such an embedding. The current paper now presents a broad class of modes t...

Abstract Given a commutative semiring with compatible preorder satisfying version of the Archimedean property, asymptotic spectrum, as introduced by Strassen (J. reine angew. Math. 1988), is an essentially unique compact Hausdorff space together map from to ring continuous functions. Strassen’s theorem characterizes relaxation that asymptotically compares large powers elements up subexponential...

the concept of algebraic hyperstructures introduced by marty as a generalization of ordinary algebraic structures. in an ordinary algebraic structure, the composition of two elements is an element, while in an algebraic hyperstructure, the composition of two elements is a set. the concept of ?-semihyperrings is a generalization of semirings, a generalization of semihyper rings and a generalizat...