VERY likely the best illustrative example of illegal in many fields of genetics and other branches of biology. As a result, geneticists gradually began to lean toward and even criminal interference of the Communist Vavilov’s suggestion and agreed to hold the VII Congress Party in purely scientific affairs is the story of the VII of Genetics in Moscow in 1937. The International OrInternational G...

FOR TOO LONG THE STUDY OF COMMUNISM AND COMmunist movements has preceded as sui generis, with no concern for its relation to broader academic areas of inquiry or for some of the more pertinent questions of the epoch. Scholars in Communist affairs have passed their colleagues working in other areas of academic inquiry like ships in a foggy sea, heading for similar destinations and using analogou...

The notion that economic integration will bring cultural integration in its train is only partly valid. As I describe in this article, economic development does make societies less nationalistic and more tolerant, trusting, and democratic. But the broad cultural heritage of a society— Protestant, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Confucian, or Communist—leaves a lasting imprint on values that endures d...

The primary function of banks during economic transformation is seen to be provision of an efficient payments mechanism. The lack of banking skills, particularly in credit allocation, is seen as the major problem in achieving stable monetary systems. This is a problem which can be expected to last many years. The solution is to limit banks to very safe assets (initially central bank liabilities...

This paper points to the congruence between political and social variables and the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in modern China. STDs became a major health problem after the fall of the empire in 1911 and were only reluctantly addressed by a weak nationalist government during the 1930s. During the 1950s and 60s, the communist regime brought STDs under control, but proble...