INTRODUCTION Mechanisms of water flow across the peritoneal membrane include diffusion, convection, and reabsorption. OBJECTIVES To understand these processes more clearly we have developed a method to measure transport of water across the peritoneal membrane. METHODS An artificial gradient of deuterated water (HDO) between blood and dialysate compartments was created in five subjects who t...

The present paper reports on an analytical and numerical study of combined Soret Dufour effects thermosolutal convection in a horizontal porous cavity saturated with electrically conducting binary fluid under magnetic field. walls the system are subject to vertical uniform fluxes heat mass, whereas assumed be adiabatic impermeable. main governing parameters problem Rayleigh, Hartmann, Soret, Le...

The fluid flow and heat transfer in lid-driven enclosures filled with Cu-water nanofluid is numerically investigated. The moving vertical walls of the enclosure  are maintained in a constant temperature, while the horizontal walls are insulated. The hybrid scheme is used to discretize the convection terms and SIMPLER algorithm is adopted to couple the velocity field and pressure in the momentum...

The source of increased water vapor mixing raregions of convective outflow. These studies dealt with varitios over the central and eastern tropical Pacific region during ations in relative humidity over a broad region of the tropthe 1992 E1 Nifio event is examined using measurements of ical upper troposphere (i.e., 200-500 hPa). Presently, it is upper tropospheric water vapor provided by the Mi...

We model buoyancy-driven convection with chimneys – channels of zero solid fraction – in a mushy layer formed during directional solidification of a binary alloy in two dimensions. A large suite of numerical simulations is combined with scaling analysis in order to study the parametric dependence of the flow. Stability boundaries are calculated for states of finite-amplitude convection with chi...

Abstract: Groundwater flow is one of the most important factors for the design of a ground heat exchanger (GHEX) since the thermal environment of the ground around the buried GHEX is significantly affected by heat convection due to the groundwater flow. Several preceding studies have been conducted to develop analytical solutions to the heat transfer model of GHEX with consideration of groundwa...

• A new non-uniform discretisation of the absorption distribution function (ADF) is introduced for gas radiation modelling. Better handling energy groups with low Planck coefficient. Non-uniform ADF improves performance spherical harmonics method. mitigates ray-effects that can result from use finite elements angular discretisation. Capability to handle inhomogeneous participating media which c...

Numerical investigation is carried out to predict the entropy generation for combined natural convection heat and mass transfer in a two dimensional porous cavity subjected to a magnetic field. The Darcy model is used in the mathematical formulation of the flow in porous media. The mathematical model is derived in dimensionless form. The governing parameters arise in the mathematical model are ...

We consider stability of regimes of hydromagnetic thermal convection in a rotating horizontal layer with free electrically conducting boundaries, to perturbations involving large spatial and temporal scales. Equations governing the evolution of weakly nonlinear mean perturbations are derived under the assumption that the α−effect is insignificant in the leading order (e.g., due to a symmetry of...