Current B This conversion sacrifi ces color vision in favor of improved sensitivity in motion detection. Love spot R7s are modifi ed in two main ways: fi rst, they now respond to a broad spectrum instead of narrower ranges of color; and second, they connect to the motion-processing and spatial vision pathways of the brain — to the lamina instead of the medulla. This rewiring of the brain contri...

Early visual changes caused by diabetes include color vision losses and an abnormal full-field electroretinogram. The purpose of this study was to evaluate color vision in type 2 diabetic patients with no clinically detectable retinopathy using an objective psychophysical color vision test, evaluate retinal function assessed by full-field electroretinography (ffERG), and verify the agreement am...

The study of color perception in humans is an important ongoing research which currently mainly relies on psychophysical studies. Most psychophysical studies are prune to limitations which can highly reduce the scalability and repeatability of their experiments, cause over-fitting, and fail to fully engage subjects in performing the given tasks. Gamification is becoming a popular approach in ob...

We used Southern blot hybridization to study X chromosome-linked color vision genes encoding the apoproteins of red and green visual pigments in 134 unselected Caucasian men. One hundred and thirteen individuals (84.3%) had a normal arrangement of their color vision pigment genes. All had one red pigment gene; the number of green pigment genes ranged from one to five with a mode of two. The fre...

The biological basis of color vision can be divided into two stages: the first is the light-sensitive cone photoreceptor cells in the retina and the second is the neural components that process information about wavelength gathered by the photoreceptors. Humans with normal color vision have three populations of cone photoreceptors that are classed according to their relative spectral sensitivit...

Our understanding of how we see color has benefited from the long tradition of visual psychophysics. More recently, models and methods from psychophysics are guiding modern neuroimaging experiments on color vision. Combining the two techniques can lead to discoveries that neither can make alone.

The contributions of genetics research to the science of normal and defective color vision over the previous few decades are reviewed emphasizing the developments in the 25years since the last anniversary issue of Vision Research. Understanding of the biology underlying color vision has been vaulted forward through the application of the tools of molecular genetics. For all their complexity, th...

Color vision is achieved by comparing the inputs from retinal photoreceptor neurons that differ in their wavelength sensitivity. Recent studies have elucidated the distribution and phylogeny of opsins, the family of light-sensitive molecules involved in this process. Interesting new findings suggest that animals have evolved a strategy to achieve specific sensitivity through the mutually exclus...