Typhus was a major health problem in late nineteenthand early twentieth-century Russia. Closely linked with poverty and overcrowded housing, this louse-borne disease was endemic in both rural and urban areas, with scattered cases and small outbreaks occurring every year, mostly in the winter and early spring. Great epidemics flared up whenever war or famine produced hardship and massive populat...

Termin „wiejskie ruchy społeczne” (WRS) używany jest w rożnych znaczeniach, potrzeba więc spójnej definicji konceptualizującej polityczne wiejskie społeczne. Są one pozostałością agrarnej struktury społeczno-gospodarczej. Spóźniona i niepełna rewolucja przemysłowa Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz na tle regionu kolektywizacja rolnictwa Polsce spowodowały, że zachowały się przednowoczesne formy ...

Documentary films about Kazakh ASSR have not yet been included in the systematic field of historical research early Soviet period. Meanwhile, this visual source is an important component analysis ethnonational policy 1920s-1930s. Filmography at initial stage its formation captured transition society from tradition to modernity, deep socio-economic and other transformations ASSR. The silent soun...

The article considers and analyzes a number of important legal acts adopted by the Union Republican leadership Bolshevik Party during 1932 - 1933. It was made an attempt to demonstrate theirs crime inhumane nature on example repressive actions against Ukrainian peasantry. determined that one keys implementation mechanisms this peasantry establishment excessive grain supplies, which provided for...

This article focuses on attitudes towards state power in Czechoslovak literature the period 1948–1989, which can be divided into three stages of development. The first decade (from late 1940s to 1950s), when actively intervened incultural life and developed methods artistic creation management, was characterised by an unconditional acceptance praise gains socialism (including “industrial novel”...

The principle of Sunwu's “5Shi and 7Ji (5Things 7Scheme)” is the integration units, diversification circles, categorization fields. According to conditions, characteristics, diversity military politics related his community culture, trend thought times its indicative possibility can be realized. At this time, in their respective cultural according social form elements factors future generations...

The purpose of the research paper is to highlight set circumstances and factors that caused transformation peasantry traditional religiosity emphasize interdependence processes in event-contextual mental-conscious spheres/dimensions.
 Scientific novelty: Despite rather thorough scientific analysis issue, dominance positivist approach observed historiography; therefore, conceptualization pr...

The purpose of the research paper is to highlight history repatriation missions and consular institutions Poland, Albania, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Japan Spain in Odesa during 1922-1938, analysis main areas activity within district staff’s characteristics.
 scientific novelty. general picture foreign diplomatic presence Odesa, represented by Albania as well five consulates, has been reconst...

The article attempts to reveal the role and forms of implementation punitive functions by local Control Commissions—Workers' Peasants' Inspections AUCP (B) during kolkhozes creation in rural areas. It draws on unpublished archival documents (1933) from Center for Documentation Contemporary History Krasnodar Krai (TsDNIKK). Late 1932 – first half 1933 was a special period life Soviet state, its ...

INTRODUCTION Female sex workers (FSWs) frequently experience violence in their work environments, violating their basic rights and increasing their vulnerability to HIV infection. Structural interventions addressing such violence are critical components of comprehensive HIV prevention programmes. We describe structural interventions developed to address violence against FSWs in the form of poli...