background: collagen-based three-dimensional (3d) in vitro systems have been introduced to study the physiological states of cells. as a biomolecule, collagen is usually extracted from terrestrial animals whilst aquatic animals like squid contain large amounts of collagen. methods: in order to make effective use of marine organisms, we selected persian gulf squid in 2015 to extract the required...

This study proceeds to extract collagen from the skin of Rutilus  kutum, one of  the main and economical species of the Caspian Sea. Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) from the skin of R. kutum was extracted and characterized by SDS-PAGE, FTIR and UV spectrophotometry. Based on the data from the SDS-PAGE and the composition of amino acid, it was probable that the obtained collagen classified as type I...

the detailed anatomy and histology of the atrioventricular bundle (avb) was studied in 10 adult cats (5 males and 5 females). the trunk of the atrioventricular bundle was a direct continuation of the atrioventricular node (avn) with no sharp line of demarcation between node and the bundle. the avb of the male cats measured 6.24 mm in length, 0.27 mm in width and 0.65 mm in thickness, while in t...

Introduction Collagen is a fibrous protein comprising a right-handed, triple-helical bundle of three parallel, left-handed polyproline II-type helices. Each strand consists of approximately 300 repeats of the trimer (Xaa–Yaa–Gly), where Xaa is often (2S)proline (Pro) and Yaa is often (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) [1]. The most abundant protein in vertebrates, collagen is of fundamental importa...

The influence of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro was investigated. GAG and collagen were isolated from the liver of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride at various time intervals (3-16 weeks). It was found that GAG obtained from the fibrotic liver accelerated collagen fibril formation. This effect was more evident in a solution of type I collagen than type II...

introduction: nowadays the necessity of the existence of a certain width of keratinized gingiva is emphasized upon to maintain periodontal health and prevent soft tissue recession around teeth and dental implants. this study was carried out to compare two gingival graft procedures including connective tissue graft and graft with a combination of collagen sponge with platelet-rich plasma and pla...

Although tissue engineering of artificial organs such as skin or cartilage have been developed greatly, organs such as kidney or liver have not been completed yet. Human kidney consists of one million of nephrons which is the basic unit for the filtration of blood, excretion of urine, secretion of cytokine and re-absorption of electrolytes. Every nephron comprising glomerulus and tubule with co...

background: collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, and as an extracellular matrix protein, has an important role in the fiber formation. this feature of the collagen renders  establishment of the structural skeleton in tissues. regarding specific features associated with the collagen, such as, formation of the porous structure, permeability and hydrophilicity, it can also be use...