Virulence of commercial strains entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), feltiae Filipjev and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae), were tested on young females Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden, Partenolecanium corni (Bouché) Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera, Coccidae) a native strain H. was citricola scale, ...

Flavobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae have been previously reported as scale insect endosymbionts. The purpose of this work was twofold: first, to screen different scale insect families for the presence of these endosymbionts by PCR analyses and second, to elucidate the history of cophylogeny between these bacteria and the insects by analysing a portion of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences by...

T h e term genomic imprinting has been used to refer to all cases where genes have differential expression depending on the sex of the parent from which they are inherited~-3. At least two distinct phenomena have been described as imprinting and it is important to distinguish between them. In fungus gnats (Sciaridae), gall midges (Cecidomyidae) and scale insects (Coccoidea), the paternal set of...