The spleen acts as an erythrocyte reservoir in highly aerobic species such as the dog and horse. Sympathetic-mediated splenic contraction during exercise reversibly enhances convective O2 transport by increasing hematocrit, blood volume, and O2-carrying capacity. Based on theoretical interactions between erythrocytes and capillary membrane (Hsia CCW, Johnson RL Jr, and Shah D. J Appl Physiol 86...

Individuals who have undergone ACL reconstruction (ACLR) have been shown to have a higher risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). The elevated risk of knee OA may be associated with increased tibiofemoral compressive forces. The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether females with ACLR demonstrate greater tibiofemoral compressive forces, as well as greater muscle co-contractio...

In this paper we studied how subjects activate their muscles in response to static varus and valgus loads at the knee. The muscles' contributions to the external moments were estimated using an EMG driven biomechanical model of the knee. The individual muscle activation and loading patterns were examined to identify the strategies that the nervous system uses to support varus and valgus knee mo...

The purpose of this training study was to determine the magnitude of strength gains following a high-intensity resistance training (i.e., improvement of neuromuscular coordination) that can be achieved by imagery of the respective muscle contraction imagined maximal isometric contraction (IMC training). Prior to the experimental intervention, subjects completed a 4-week standardized strength tr...

A computer-based model of the knee was used to study forces in the cruciate ligaments induced by co-contraction of the extensor and flexor muscles, in the absence of external loads. Ligament forces are required whenever the components of the muscle forces parallel to the tibial plateau do not balance. When the extending effect of quadriceps exactly balances the flexing effect of hamstrings, the...

[Purpose] This study examined the changes in the thickness of the deep cervical flexor according to the contraction intensity of the masticatory muscle during deep cervical flexor training. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy adults were randomly selected and the thicknesses of their longus colli and sternocleidomastoid were measured with ultrasound when the masticatory muscle contracted duri...

Pulmonary intralobar arteries express heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and -2 and release carbon monoxide (CO) during incubation in Krebs buffer. Acute hypoxia elicits isometric tension development (0.77 +/- 0.06 mN/mm) in pulmonary vascular rings treated with 15 micromol/l chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP), an inhibitor of HO-dependent CO synthesis, but has no effect in untreated vessels. Acute hypoxia also ...

UNLABELLED Bisphenol-A (BPA), dichrolodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and vinclozolin were found able to induce abnormal uterine contraction. The mechanisms involved remains unclear. We hypothesized that the effect of these compounds were mediated via the uterotonin pathways. Therefore, in this study, effects of BPA, vinclozolin and DDT-only and in combination with uterotonins (PGF-2α, acetylchol...

Purpose: A proper warm-up method can be used as a strategy to improve performance of athletes in various sport fields. The aim of present study was to compare the effect of two traditional and post-activation potentiation warm-up methods on electromyographic variables of lower extremity muscles during squat jump. Methods: Fourteen trained male athletes were randomly performed three different p...