The objective is to discuss and analyze some elements of the process of institutionalization of social policies in Brazil after the Constitution of 1988, especially those of social welfare (social security, health and social assistance). It is assumed that this process present hybrids that compromise the results prescribed by the Constitution. From one hand, there are important advances in poli...

The relation between an object and its matter is fundamental to all physical sciences, and represented widely and diversely in scientific ontologies. An under-appreciated aspect of this relation is the emergence of voids at finer levels of physical granularity. In this paper we enhance the constitution relation to account for the presence of finer voids, and show how this helps delineate two fo...

This paper argues that theorizing computer-mediated communications as political engagement within a sociomaterial perspective, an understanding attentive to the mutual constitution of the social and material, allows researchers to conceptually analyze the unique political practices afforded by information and communication technologies and their function within a public sphere. This approach fo...

The adaptive immune system has a major impact on parasite resistance and life history strategies. Immunological defence is costly both in terms of immediate activation and long-term maintenance. The 'good genes' model predicts that males with genotypes that promote a good disease resistance have the ability to allocate more resources to reproductive effort which favours the transmission of good...

OVERVIEW OF FRANCE F rance is an industrialized country with a large agricultural sector. Its population in 1991 totaled 57 million. According to the Constitution of 1958, France is organized as a parliamentary democratic republic. Separation of legislative and executive powers, multiplicity of political parties, and respect for the Constitution and the Human Rights Declaration are the guaranti...

The inclusion of animal welfare into the German Constitution in 2002 gained worldwide attention. Animal welfare organisations had been striving to reach this goal for more than a decade, and they had good reasons to do so: in several court cases the regulations of the German Animal Welfare Act had been overruled by basic rights laid down in the Constitution, such as the freedom of research and ...

This Article contains some reflections concerning the Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (“the Draft Treaty”), which was approved by the European Council on September 28, 2004 and formally signed in Rome on October 29, 2004. At the time of writing in early 2005, it is presently in the process of ratification by the twenty-five Member States of the European Union (“EU”). The Art...

Perceived belonging to a community is one of the most frequently given reasons for regularity religious practice. However, it also plays key role in practice violence. The paper addresses relationship between felt belonging, which established shared experiences, and different expressions hostility. By means phenomenological analysis based on work Bernhard Waldenfels, author distinguishes modes ...

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, provides for the establishment of three spheres of government, constituted as national, provincial and local. These spheres are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. The three spheres have to exercise their powers and functions in such a manner that their policies and executive actions can be effectively co-ordinated to facilitate ...