Adult histiocytosis X involving the CNS caused progressive spastic paraparesis. The diagnosis was made by immunoreactive anti-S100 protein antibody staining and from the presence of Birbeck granules in biopsy specimens of skin lesions. Neuropathological examination showed massive proliferation and infiltration of S-100 containing histiocyte-like cells and reactive astrocytes throughout the CNS.

Meningitis is a common central nervous system (CNS) complication of the mumps, a viral infection, but encephalitis and meningoencephalitis are less common in mumps. We describe magnetic resonance imaging findings of acute mumps meningoencephalitis in a 32-year-old male who showed bilateral hippocampal lesions without preceding parotitis. Although it is rare, hippocampal involvement should be co...

MR imaging is the preferred technique for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of patients with neoplastic CNS lesions. Conventional MR imaging, with gadolinium-based contrast enhancement, is increasingly combined with advanced, functional MR imaging techniques to offer morphologic, metabolic, and physiologic information. This article provides updated recommendations to neuroradiol...

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a familial angiodysplastic disorder. Dermal, mucosal, and visceral vascular lesions of this disorder are well known. However, central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, occurring in as many as one-third of patients, have not been well appreciated until recently. The etiology of neurologic symptomatology includes hypoxemia or ischemia secondary to...

Toxocara canis, the common roundworm in the dog, can cause "visceral larva migrans" syndrome in humans, which may include generalised illness, eosinophilia, and symptoms arising from larval invasion of different organs. Of these, the clinically most important are liver, lungs, eyes and CNS. Involvement of the different parts of the CNS in human toxocaral disease has been described, but not the ...

A 24-year-old woman with slowly progressive altered mental status and fevers was found to have multiple brain mass lesions. A characteristic branching vascular pattern on T2* MRI (figure 1D) was key to identifying these mass lesions as vascular in origin. CSF was inflammatory and serologic testing supported the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with concomitant CNS angiitis affecting de...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Granular cell tumors of the central nervous system are rare tumors. To date, eight cases arising from cranial nerves have been reported. Granular cell tumors have also been found arising from the neurohypophysis and its stalk. Due to their rarity and histological similarity to other central nervous system (CNS) tumors with a granular appearance, they often pose a diagnost...

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly, as repair after lesions or neurodegenerative disease usually fails because of the limited capacity of CNS regeneration. The causes underlying this limited regenerative potential are multifactorial, but one critical aspect is neuroinflammation. Although classically considered as harmful...

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of neuroimaging in the management of patients with metastatic germ cell tumors. Retrospective evaluation of 299 patients treated in 1986 and 1987 for initial presentation or recurrence of testicular, retroperitoneal, and mediastinal germ cell tumors was performed to determine indications for neuroimaging, frequency and site of CNS metastases, ...

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 promotes the trafficking of activated T and NK cells in response to three ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Although these chemokines are produced in the CNS in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), their role in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity is unresolved. We examined the function of CXCR3 signaling in EAE using mice that ...