Septarian carbonate concretions in marine mudrocks contain calcite cements that should represent evolving conditions from ambient temperature, shallow subsurface environments to warmer, burial diagenetic conditions. Clumped isotope results British Middle and Upper Jurassic indicate most concretion body calcites formed at temperatures between 9 ± 5°C 18 pore waters with ?18O values 0.2 1.1‰ ?2.2...

Few studies have investigated the influence of water availability on plant population spatial patterns. We studied changes in the spatial patterns of Caragana stenophylla along a climatic drought gradient within the Inner Mongolian Plateau, China. We examined spatial patterns, seed density, "nurse effects" of shrubs on seedlings, transpiration rates and water use efficiency (WUE) of C. stenophy...

When finding relationships in biological systems, we often describe hierarchies based on one facet of the data. However, when using this hierarchy to elucidate relationships between metadata, the distribution of metadata labels within the hierarchy may exhibit different levels of aggregation—uniform, random, or clumped. As of now, there exists no measure for finding the level of aggregation, or...

The structure and composition of populations may be molded by multiple evolutionary and ecological mechanisms, with natural selection affecting sex ratios as well as the distributions of each sex throughout the environment. To address sex-based aspects of population structure, I evaluated sex ratios, co-occurrence of the sexes, correlations of abundance of the sexes, and dispersion of individua...

The impact of FUSE upon the fundamental parameters of OB stars and Wolf-Rayet stars is reviewed. The stellar wind signatures available in the far-UV provide us with important additional diagnostics of effective temperature. Together with improved non-LTE stellar atmosphere models allowing for line blanketing and stellar winds, this has led to a downward revision in the spectral type-temperature...

Biogenic and inorganic calcium carbonates contain considerable amounts of internal water, both as free organically associated water. The oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O) water hosting carbonate are analyzed for various before after heating at 175°C 90 minutes. During heating, the δ18O values significantly increased in biogenic aragonites speleothem calcite, whereas were lowered. Correspondin...