We specify the Pitman-closeness criterion for the evaluation of multivariate forecasts in three categories. This is done closely to the definition of covariance adjustment techniques analysed in other articles. We also apply the Pitman-closeness techniques to an example dealing with German economic data.

This volume provides a much-needed academic investigation and close case study analysis of intimacy in contemporary Japan, mostly since 2000. Through media coverage historical construction, int...

In general, expressing emotions is beneficial and withholding emotions has personal and social costs. Yet, to serve social functions there are situations when emotions are withheld strategically. We examined whether social anxiety influenced when and how emotion expressiveness influences interpersonal closeness in existing romantic relationships. For people with greater social anxiety, withhold...

In studies on the motivational classroom climate -CMC- need to delve into socio-affective aspects that make up pedagogical relationships -PR- between teachers and students affect closeness communication is recognized. That why this work seeks validate design of two evaluation instruments focused PR (Closeness/Conflict Scale Motivational Communicational Scale) applied 459 from technical secondar...

This article examines general trends in teacher-reported conflict and closeness among 878 children from kindergarten through sixth grade, and examines early childhood characteristics that predict differences in initial levels and growth of conflict and closeness over time. Results indicated modest stability of teacher-perceived conflict and closeness through sixth grade, with relatively greater...

According to the classical Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE), there is a morally significant difference between intending harm and merely foreseeing harm. Versions of DDE have been defended in a variety of creative ways, but there is one difficulty, the so-called “closeness problem”, that continues to bedevil all of them. The problem is that an agent’s intention can always be identified in such a...