The low-frequency time variations of the Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa heights have been investigated using the orthogonal rotated principal component analysis applied to the data provided by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for the period 1958-1998. The major modes for the climate in the Euro-Atlantic sector are described in detail. Their relations with the 11 climatic elements in the Czech Republic are...

Green Chemistry being defined as chemical processes and technologies enabling Sustainable Development, or as the “molecular science of sustainability” (J. C. Warner) can provide major contributions to reaching the “2 degree target” of the European Union as contained in its integrated climate and energy policy. This challenging goal requires innovative scientific and technical concepts opening t...

The relationships among climate, physical erosion, and chemical weathering have remained uncertain, because long-term chemical weathering rates have been difficult to measure. Here we show that long-term chemical weathering rates can be measured by combining physical erosion rates, inferred from cosmogenic nuclides, with dissolution losses, inferred from the rock-to-soil enrichment of insoluble...

Climate Change refers to any systematic change in the long-term statistics of climate elements (such as temperature, pressure, or winds) sustained over several decades or longer time periods. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are tools designed to simulate time series of climate variables globally, accounting for effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and resulting global climate change....

Climate change is a serious challenge to our planet. The point of no return will be upon us in 2014 and we are yet to regulate the emission of greenhouse gas. Failure to reach agreement at the 2009 UN Climate Change Summit in Copenhagen highlighted the difficulties we face in regulating use of the ultimate common pool recourse: our atmosphere. Surrounding these difficulti...

A new set of alternative socioeconomic scenarios for climate change researches-the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs)-includes for the first time a more comprehensive set of demographic conditions on population, urbanization, and education as the central scenario elements, along with other aspects of society, in order to facilitate better analyses of challenges to climate change mitigation an...