In this paper the impact of atmospheric turbulence on helicopter handling qualities is investigated using a simple random turbulence representation and a structural human pilot model. Linear approximation of the turbulence field and the frozen field concept are assumed. Effects of uniform field component and spatial gradients in the horizontal plane are individually evaluated on each axis. Turb...

FSO (Free-Space Optical Communications) is a type of optical communication that transmitted over an open space. The irradiance fluctuation in clear atmosphere caused by Temperature variations the are minor but erratic. As result, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) reduced, and performance reduced. BPSK has best when scintillation not considered. Thus, investigated this work under impact air turbulence...

Article history: Available online 25 February 2010

Atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) entrainment is the downward mixing of free atmospheric air into the CBL as the CBL grows. Primarily, the CBL entrainment is driven by the buoyancy production of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) due to heating of the lower surface or cooling at the CBL top. The effects of shear-generated turbulence in the CBL are secondary. However, cases of a purely bu...

Most progress on optical nanoparticle control has been in liquids, while optical control in air has proven more challenging. By utilizing an air chamber designed to have a minimum of turbulence and a single laser beam with a minimum of aberration, we trapped individual 200 to 80 nm gold nanoparticles in air and quantified the corresponding trapping strengths. These results pave the way for cons...

A numerical comparison is presented between diierent techniques considered for the coupled, implicit solution of vertical turbulent diiusion and nonlinear chemical transformations in air pollution models. Note: We gratefully acknowledge support from the RIVM (projects EUSMOG and CIRK)