G. Bălan, Romanian-German University of Sibiu, M.D. Ungureanu, Spiru Haret University of Bucharest, G. Dobrotă, University Constantin Brâncuși of Târgu Jiu, România The objective of this paper is to highlight the current state of the steel industry at the global and regional level, in terms of its level of important indicators, such as: production capacity, production volume, level of consumpti...

This article extensively reviews published research on inclusions in ingot steel and defects on ingot products, methods to measure and detect inclusions in steel, the causes of exogenous inclusions, and the transport and entrapment of inclusions during fluid flow, segregation, and solidification of steel cast in ingot molds. Exogenous inclusions in ingots originate mainly from reoxidation of th...

In this paper, the semiconducting behavior of carbon steel in acid, base and salt solutions was studied by utilizing potential-capacitance and Mott-Schottky analysis. It was pointed out that the capacitance variation of space charge layer of carbon steel in different solution was different. The carbon steel showed p-type semiconducting behavior in 5% sulfuric acid and 5% sodium sulfate solution...

Under the circumstances of low-carbon economy, the theoretical applications of the green supply chain management of steel and iron manufacture are to reform and innovate the present manufacturing process, enhance the controlling and reclaiming, and recycling using of the waste steel and iron, steel slag, and dust emissions, establish the green supply chain structure oriented to the cycle of “re...

Figure 1, compiled from data in the US Geological Survey indicates that, in 2004, 94% of vanadium used was consumed by the steel industry and 6% by all other uses. Figures 2 and 3 show data on steel production and vanadium consumption over a number of past years. Figure 2 indicates that in 2004 steel production reached a record level of 1.036 billon tonnes, driven largely by increases in steel ...

Research reported in this paper was carried to study the water permeability of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) with varied aspect ratios of steel fibres. Corrugated steel fibres were used in the investigation at constant fibre content of 0.5%. Relationship of water permeability with compressive strength and split tensile strengths has been presented. The water permeability was observed t...

with careful design, mixed microstructures consisting of fine plates of upper bainitic ferrite separated by thinfilms of stable retained austenite have exhibited impressive combinations of strength and toughness in highsiliconbainitic steels. the silicon suppresses the precipitation of brittle cementite leading to an improvement intoughness. the essential principles governing the optimisation o...

A model is developed to calculate the composition of reoxidation inclusions that form during pouring of steel castings. The software package Thermo-Calc is used to obtain the inclusion phase fractions and compositions as a function of the temperature and oxygen content of the steel. Oxygen is assumed to be continually absorbed by the steel until the liquidus temperature is reached. Both lever r...